ANTIBODIES AND SERUM PROTEIN LEVELS IN LOCAL AND EXOTIC ADULT CHICKENS SUFFERING FROM AVIAN INFLUENZA

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dc.contributor.authorWAKAWA, Aliyu Mohammed
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-20T08:57:38Z
dc.date.available2021-05-20T08:57:38Z
dc.date.issued2007-09
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SURGERY AND MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractThe objective of this study was to determine the levels of antibodies and serum proteins in local and exotic adult chickens suffering from avian Influenza (AI). A total of 1, 000 blood samples were collected from 500 clinically sick local and exotic adult chickens confirmed to be suffering from AI and 500 apparently healthy local and exotic adult chickens in some parts of Jigawa, Kaduna and Katsina States of Nigeria. The samples were analysed for antibodies to AI type A H5 and Newcastle disease (ND) antigens, serum total protein (TP), albumin and globulin levels, using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, Biuret technique, and Modified Batholomew and Delaney technique, respectively. Seventy nine (31.6%) of the clinically sick local, 49 (19.6%) of the clinically sick exotic, and 6 (2.4%) of the apparently healthy local chickens tested positive for AI type A H5 antibodies with mean antibody titres of 5.6 ± 0.1 log2, 7.1 ± 0.1 log2 and 5.8 ± 0.1 log2 respectively. Thirteen (5.2%) clinically sick local chickens, 23 (9.2%) clinically sick exotic chickens, 97 (38.8%) apparently healthy local chickens, and 213 (85.2%) apparently healthy exotic chickens tested positive for ND antibodies with mean antibody titres of 3.9 ± 0.3 log2 ,4.4 ± 0.2 log2, 4.8 ± 0.1 log2 and 5.5 ± 0.1 log2 respectively. The values of TP obtained for clinically sick local and exotic chickens (3.6 ± 0.0 and 3.0 ± 0.0 g/dl respectively) were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those obtained for apparently healthy local and exotic chickens (6.5 ± 0.1 and 7.8 ± 0.1 g/dl respectively). The values of albumin levels obtained for clinically sick local and exotic chickens (2.1 ± 0.0 and 1.9 ± 0.0 g/dl respectively) were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those obtained for apparently healthy local and exotic chickens (3.3 ± 0.0 and 4.1 ± 0.1 g/dl respectively). A significant decrease (p<0.001) in globulin levels was observed in clinically sick local and exotic chickens (1.5 ± 0.0 and 1.1 ± 0.0 g/dl respectively) below the values established for apparently healthy local and exotic chickens (3.2 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.1 g/dl respectively). This study showed an overall prevalence rate of 13.4% for AI and 34.5% for ND in the area of study. The presence of antibodies to AI H5 antigen further confirmed the disease in the clinically sick chickens sampled. Local chickens might likely be source of AI virus and play significant roles in its transmission and spread to susceptible backyard and commercial poultry. Avian influenza resulted in a decrease in the concentration of serum TP, albumin and globulin in the affected local and exotic adult chickens. It was strongly recommended that a national active AI surveillance be conducted to define the true status of the disease in Nigeria. If vaccination against AI is to be carried out, there is the need to place birds on high level of protein supplements in order to augment their serum protein levels which are expected to drop post-vaccination.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12351
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectANTIBODIES,en_US
dc.subjectSERUM PROTEIN LEVELS,en_US
dc.subjectLOCAL AND EXOTIC ADULT CHICKENS SUFFERING,en_US
dc.subjectAVIAN INFLUENZA.en_US
dc.titleANTIBODIES AND SERUM PROTEIN LEVELS IN LOCAL AND EXOTIC ADULT CHICKENS SUFFERING FROM AVIAN INFLUENZAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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