PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF PILIOSTIGMA THONNINGII SCHUM Milne – Redh (FABACEAE)
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF PILIOSTIGMA THONNINGII SCHUM Milne – Redh (FABACEAE)
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Date
2014-12
Authors
ECHU, Friday Adih
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Abstract
The plant Piliostigma thonningii which is used in ethno - medicine for the treatment of
wounds, ulcers and gingivitis was investigated for its chemical constituents and
antimicrobial activity. The leaf of the plant was subjected to extraction procedures to
obtain ethanol and n – hexane extracts. The n – hexane extract which was then subjected
to preliminary phytochemical screening to revealed the presence of alkaloids,
anthraquinones, flavonoids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins and steroids/terpenes. The
phytochemical technique employed was column chromatography. The antimicrobial
activity of the n – hexane and ethanol extracts were studied using hospital isolates of ten
pathogenic microorganismmms. Extensive chromatographic separation of the n – hexane
fraction using silica gel column chromatography led to the isolation of a steroid.
Stigmast-5-en-ol (β – Sitosterol), the structure was determined by spectral analysis
including 1D and 2D NMR. In the antimicrobial studies, the extracts exhibit activity
against six of the ten microorganisms with zone of inhibition ranging from 13 – 16 mm
for n – hexane extract and 20 – 27 mm for ethanol extract while the zone of inhibition for
the standard antibacterial drug sparfloxacin ranged from 40 – 46 mm and the zone of
inhibition for the standard antifungal drug fluconazole ranged from 34 – 37 mm. The
results obtained from this study suggest that the fractions of Piliostigma thonningii leaves
extracts posses some compounds with antimicrobial activity and validate the
ethnomedicinal use of the plant in the treatment of microbial infections.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA – NIGERIA.
DECEMBER, 2014
Keywords
PHYTOCHEMICAL,, ANTIMICROBIAL,, STUDIES,, LEAVES,, EXTRACT,, PILIOSTIGMA,, THONNINGII,, SCHUM Milne – Redh.