ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE (3,3'-bis-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) carbanilide) IN SHEEP

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorYUSUF, OTARU ALIU
dc.date.accessioned2014-09-08T07:34:31Z
dc.date.available2014-09-08T07:34:31Z
dc.date.issued1974-08
dc.descriptionA Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 1974en_US
dc.description.abstractABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE (3,3'-bis-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) carbanilide) IN SHEEP. (August 1974) Yusuf Otaru Aliu, D.V.M., Cornell University. Spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatographic methods for quantitative and qualitative determination of imidocarb in biologic specimens are described. Imidocarb was extracted under basic conditions from plasma, urine, milk, bile and homogenized tissue samples into organic solvents. Following extraction and concentration in 0.82 N HCl, the drug can be qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. The detection limit for estimation of pure imidocarb in aqueous solution by spectrophotometry is equivalent to a concentration of 1.0 μg/ml in plasma and other body fluids and 5.0 μg/Gm in tissues. With thin-layer chromatography, the minimum detection level is 0.21 μg. Following intravenous injection of imidocarb dipropionate (2.0 mg/kg of body weight) into sheep, the high initial plasma concentration of 10.8 μg/ml fell very rapidly to 1.9 μg/ml in 1 hour, and was less than 1 μg/ml in 4 hours post injection. When 4.5 mg/kg of body weight of imidocarb was injected intramuscularly into sheep, peak plasma concentrations of 7.9 μg/ml were attained within 4 hours. This was followed by a rapid decline within the next 2 hours to 4.6 μg/ml, and then by a very slow decline of several weeks duration. Trace amounts were still present in the plasma 4 weeks after treatment. The drug was bound to plasma proteins to the extent of 21-53%, and the apparent volume of distribution was slightly higher than the total body water. Imidocarb was widely distributed in the tissues of sheep. Concentrations in the tissues studied were considered high and detectable amounts were present 4 weeks after administration. Twenty-four hours after administration, the highest concentrations occurred in the kidneys, liver and brain. Using 14C-labelled imidocarb to study its distribution in the brain, significant radioactivity was detected in all regions with highest concentrations occurring in the pituitary gland, the pineal body and the olfactory bulb. The concentrations of radioactivity measured in plasma (0.013 μg/ml) and sheep red blood cells (0.016 μg/ml) indicated an equal partitioning between plasma and red blood cells. No metabolic or biotransformation products could be detected by the methods of assay. Approximately 11-17% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 24 hours; thereafter, the excretion rate was very low and detectable amounts were present for 4 weeks. The rate of renal clearance of imidocarb was found to be considerably below glomerular filtration rate indicative of tubular reabsorption. The relatively high concentrations of the drug found in the bile suggest that biliary excretion of imidocarb is an important route of excretion. High concentrations were also found in the milk of lactating ewes. When the milk was fed to nursing lambs, no drug could be detected in their plasma. Imidocarb did not affect oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5264
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectABSORPTION,en_US
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION,,en_US
dc.subjectEXCRETION,en_US
dc.subjectIMIDOCARB,en_US
dc.subjectDIPROPIONATE,en_US
dc.subjectcarbanilide,en_US
dc.subjectSHEEPen_US
dc.titleABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE (3,3'-bis-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) carbanilide) IN SHEEPen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF IMIDOCARD DIPROPIONATE.pdf
Size:
3.83 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.58 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
VETERINARY MEDICINE