STUDIES ON RICE FIELDS SNAILS AND URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
STUDIES ON RICE FIELDS SNAILS AND URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2016-12
Authors
JIBRIL, Aisha Salihu
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Abstract
Ecological and parasitological studies were conducted in four agrarian districts (Butalawa, Dalili, Kosawa, Sarkin Kura) of Kura Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria to determine species composition, abundance and natural infection of molluscs by parasitic trematodes in rice field ecosystems; as well as the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among rice farmers. Manual prospections for molluscs diversity were conducted and physicochemical conditions of their microhabitats in rice fields were determined in situ using HANNA (HI98129) multiparameter metre. A total of 1959 specimens of five species of molluscs were obtained from the rice fields, which included 39(1.99%) Bellamya crawshayi, 307(15.67%) Biomphalaria pfeifferi, 548(27.97%) Bulinusglobosus, 95(4.85%) Lymnaeanatalensis, and 970(49.52%) Melanoidesmaculata.Only four (0.73%), of the B.globosus shed cercariae of trematode, giving snail infection rate of 0.20%.Bellamyacrawshayi and L.natalensis occurred at low percentages and were found only in two of the four districts; but B. pfeifferi, B. globosus and M. maculata occu rred in all the four districts. Physicochemical conditions of the rice fields where the molluscs species occurred in water were pH (8.24-9.70), TDS (30.00-39.00ppm), EC (64-77μs/cm) and temperature (24.00-27.50oC). The species specific physicochemical conditions of molluscs ̓ microhabitats did not differ significantly (P>0.05). District specific physicochemical parameters of rice fields ̓ water differ significantly (P<0.05) amongst the four districts. Very high positive and significant (r = 0.99; P<0.05) correlation existed among the abundance of and both pH and temperature of rice fields ̓ water in Dalili district; and among B. pfeifferi abundance and temperature of rice fields‟ water in Kosawa district. An overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis of 211/420 (50.24%) was obtained in rice farmers in the study area; this ranged from 44/105 (41.90%) at Butalawa district to 63/105 (60%) at Sarkin Kura district. Prevalence of
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urinary schistosomiasis in the female rice farmers was 48/111 (43.24%), and was 163/309(52.75%) in the male rice farmers. Intensities of urinary schistosomiasis ranged significantly (P<0.05) from 5.02(eggs per 10mL urine) in Butalawa district to 51.84 (eggs per 10mL urine) in Dalili district. Male rice farmers had significantly (P<0.05) higher intensities of infection than their female counterpart at both Dalili and Sarkin Kura, but gender based differences in intensities were not significant (P>0.05) at both Butalawa and Kosawa districts. A large majority (77.25%) of the rice farmers examined had light intensity of infection with 0-30eggs per 10mL urine. Acquisition of urinary schistosomiasis by the rice farmers was positively (OR>1) but insignificantly (Lower CI < 1) associated with the male gender. Rice farmers that were 10 years of age and younger had the highest prevalence of 78.05% while those aged 41years and older were not infected by Schistosoma haematobium. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the rice farmers declined significantly (P<0.05) with increasing age (declining from 78.05% in those aged 1-10years, to 19.35% in 31-40years group and nil in those aged 41years and older). Such epidemiologic risk factors as male gender, swimming and washing water contact activities, drinking from stream water, urination and or defaecation on rice farms, non-use of protective wears and lack of disease awareness were associated with the prevalence and transmission of urinary schistosomiasis among the rice farmers
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc) DEGREE IN ZOOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY,
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA.
Keywords
STUDIES,, RICE,, SNAILS,, URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS,, RICE FARMERS,, KURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,, KANO STATE,, NIGERIA