PREVALENCE OF ROTAVIRUSES AND ADENOVIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHOEA AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED 0-5 YEARS OLD IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE OF ROTAVIRUSES AND ADENOVIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHOEA AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN AGED 0-5 YEARS OLD IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2015-08
Authors
GAMBO, Mukhtar Lawal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Malnutrition and diarrhoeal morbidity continues to be a public health problem of considerable magnitude in most developing countries; therefore, a study on the prevalence of some diarrhoea associated enteric viruses and nutritional status of children aged 0-5 years old was undertaken in Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria where there is little or no information. A total of 400 (322 diarrhoiec and 78 non-diarrhoiec) stool specimens were collected from children attending six hospitals located across the three senatorial zones of the state from June 2013 to April 2014. Their socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements and clinical presentations were also noted with the aid of questionnaire. Viral antigens were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and all the ELISA positive samples were examined by negative staining electron microscopy. Rotavirus was detected in 5.3% of the diarrhoiec and none in the non-diarrhoiec specimens while adenovirus was detected in 12.4% of the diarrhoiec and 5.1% of the non-diarrhoiec specimens. Generally, children < 2 years old were more vulnerable to rotavirus and adenovirus infection. There was significant association (p<0.05) between dehydration and rotavirus and adenovirus infections. There was a significant association between source of drinking water (p<0.05) and rotavirus infection. There was however, no significant association between sex of child, socio-economic status, mother‟s level of education, toilet type, and previous history of diarrhoea and rotavirus and adenovirus infection. Rotavirus and Adenovirus particles were observed via Negative Staining Electron Microscopy. Weight-for- Age Z-Scores (WAZ), Height-for-Age Z-Scores (HAZ) and Weight-for-Height Z-scores (WHZ) were used to estimate the children nutritional status. The Z-scores were determined using the WHO anthropometric Software version 3.0. Overall prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among the study population was 59.0, 47.0 and 46.3% respectively. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among
ix
the diarrhoiec children was 63.3, 53.0 and 46.8% respectively. Underweight was the most prevalent nutritional problem identified. Generally, children < 2 years old were more undernourished and prevalence of undernutrition was higher in girls than in boys. The present study indicates that children < 2 years old were more vulnerable to rotavirus and adenovirus infections and were more undernourished. There is further need for a national survey to be undertaken so as to ascertain the magnitude of diarrhoea and malnutrition among this group. This will help in establishing effective strategies for the prevention, control and management of diarrhoea and malnutrition caused by rotavirus and adenovirus respectively.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PREVALENCE,, ROTAVIRUSES,, ADENOVIRUSES ASSOCIATED,, DIARRHOEA,, NUTRITIONAL STATUS,, CHILDREN AGED 0-5 YEARS OLD,, KATSINA STATE,, NIGERIA