PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VIVO ANTITRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF PERISTROPHE BICALYCULATA IN MICE INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI. BY AWULU, EMMANUEL
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VIVO ANTITRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF PERISTROPHE BICALYCULATA IN MICE INFECTED WITH TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI. BY AWULU, EMMANUEL
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Date
2012-08
Authors
ADUOJO, AWULU, EMMANUEL.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Phytochemical analysis and the in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of methanol and
aqueous extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata were carried out in mice infected with
Trypanosoma evansi. A total of 90 mice were used for the study. Qualitative and
quantitative tests of the methanol extracts of Peristrophe bicalyculata revealed the
presence of the following secondary metabolites, oxalates (0.12mg/100g), phytates
(59.5mg/100g), saponins (2%), alkaloids (15%), flavonoids (0.42%), cyanogenic
glycosides (960mg/100g) while the aqueous extract revealed the presence of oxalates
(0.13mg/100g), phytate (47.6mg/100g) saponins (14%), cyanogenic glycosides
(1216mg/100g), alkaloids (16%) and flavonoids (0.24%). The differences in quantities
were significant (P < 0.05). The LD50 for the methanol extract was 1131mg/kg body
weight and 1265mg/kg body weight for the aqueous extract. Both extracts showed
significant antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma evansi, however, the methanol
extract displayed more potency. The results of the study suggest that P. bicalyculata has
potential in the treatment of trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi. The histopathology of
the liver and spleen revealed that P. bicalyculata has hepatoprotective and
spleenoprotective property.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Information
Trypanosomiasis is a complex debilitating, zoonotic protozoan disease of man
and animal (WHO, 1998), which has been a major factor limiting livestock productivity
in large areas of humid and sub-humid Africa (Mihret and Mano, 2007). Tsetse fly
(Glossina spp.) which are responsible for the transmission of African trypanosomiasis are
found between latitude 140N and 290S covering 10 million Km2 stretching across over 37
countries in Africa (Seifert, 1996; WHO, 1998; Molumba, 2003).
Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids, a monophyletic group of obligate,
unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. The most important trypanosome species in
Nigeria are Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, T. vivax, and T. evansi in livestock,
while T. gambiense infect human (Samdi et al., 2010). Trypanosoma evansi is
responsible for a disease known as ‘surra’, and is the most widespread pathogenic
trypanosome globally (Luckins, 1998; Cadioli et al., 2006).
Medicinal plants have been used for centuries as remedies for human diseases and
other organisms
Description
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA.
Keywords
PHYTOCHEMICAL,, ANALYSIS,, VIVO,, ANTITRY,, PANOSOMAL,, ACTIVITY,, METHANL,, AQUEOUS,, EXTRACTS,, PERISTROPHE,, BICALYCULATA,, MICE INFECTED,, TRYPANOSOMA,, EVANSI.