MICROSCOPICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OP STEM-BARK OF STEGANOTAENIA ARALIACEA HOCHST
MICROSCOPICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OP STEM-BARK OF STEGANOTAENIA ARALIACEA HOCHST
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Date
1997-11
Authors
ABDULKARIM, AGUNU
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Abstract
Steganotaenia araliacea is a small, soft wooded tree up to 2.5 meters high
branches more or less erect. It belongs to the family Umbelliferae. The stembark
of Steganotaenia araliacea has characteristic aromatic nature true to
typical Umbelliferae. Macroscopical studies reveals stem-bark of 9.0-14.3cm
long, 0.2-0.3cm thick, 2.5-3. lcm width, fracture is short and present doublequill
shape.
Microscopical examination of the stem-bark shows the presence of
starch grains, fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and oil cells. Microscopical
measurement of the starch grains, fibres, calcium oxalates were also carried
out.
Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of terpenes, saponin
glycosides, and carbohydrates but absence of tannins and alkaloids.
Quantitative evaluation shows moisture content of 10.7% w/w, Ash value of
11% w/w, Acid-insoluble ash value of 1.5% w/w, Alcohol-soluble extractive
value of 7% w/w and water-soluble extractive value of 3 5% w/w.
Steganotaerda araliacea stem-bark is commonly used in Zaria, Kaduna
State, Nigeria and its immediate neighbours for induction of diuresis. The
diuretic property, effects on urine electrolytes and acute toxicity studies are
here highlighted.
The Diuretic studies of the water, methanolic and ethanolic extracts
using rats was carried out. Frusemide was used as standard while sodium
chloride was used as conti The procedure involves intraperitoneally
administration of the sample to weighed rats in metabolic cages, designed
that faecal materials do not mix with urine. The urine volumes were measured
at 3hly time intervals for 24 hours.
The urine analysis to determine effects on electrolytes revealed that
there was increased potassium excretion with the ethanolic extract but no
effect with water extract.( This implies that individuals using ethanolic extract
stem-bark of Steganotaenia araliacea will benefit from potassium supplement).
The toxicity studies using mice shows LD50 of 1.83g/kg and 1.75g/kg
for ethanolic extract and water extract respectively, signifying a slightly toxic
property of the stem-bark in mice.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU
HELLO UNIVERSITY,IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACOGNOSY.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ah mad u Bello University,
Zaria
Keywords
MICROSCOPICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL, STUDIES, STEM-BARK, STEGANOTAENIA, ARALIACEA, HOCHST