EVALUATION OF THE MODULATORY EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CADABA FARINOSA Forssk ON CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
EVALUATION OF THE MODULATORY EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CADABA FARINOSA Forssk ON CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
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Date
2017-07
Authors
IBRAHIM, Salihu Ismail
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Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an ubiquitous enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3- and H+. CA plays a crucial role in CO2 transport, acid-base balance, and in linking intracellular acidosis to O2 unloading from hemoglobin and also facilitates lactate shuttling across the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The study was aimed at investigating the influence of carbonic anhydrase on blood glucose concentration in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetic rats, and to verify the potential antidiabetic activity of the leaves of C. farinosa Forssk. Carbonic anhydrase activity was determined by measuring the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl acetate. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined by ion exchange method. Glucose was determined based on glucose oxidase/ mediator reaction. Blood lactate was determined by lactate oxidase reaction. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by reacting with O2- substrate generated indirectly in the oxidation of epinephrine at alkaline pH.In the early phase of diabetes it was observed that carbonic anhydrase activity and blood lactate increases significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic when compared to normal control. However, as the course of diabetes progresses a significant (P<0.05) decrease of carbonic anhydrase activity was observed with a 2.2 fold increase in blood lactate level when compared with normal control. Treatment of diabetic rats with Acetazolamide (3.6mg/kg b.w.) resulted in 6.9 fold increase in blood lactate level and a significant(P<0.05) reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity when compared with diabetic control. Similarly treatment with Metformin (14.2 mg/kg b.w.) increased blood lactate level and reduced carbonic anhydrase activity significantly (P<0.05) when compared with diabetic control. Metformin, Acetazolamide and Methanol leaf Extract of C. farinosa were all found to have significantly(P<0.05) reduced blood glucose concentration when compared with control groups, invivo. Metformin and methanol leaf extract of C. farinosa were found to inhibit carbonic anhydrase enzyme activity in vitroagainst acetazolamide with an IC50was found to be 13.57μg/100μL. The inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity was found to be associated with increase in glycation of hemoglobin, increase in SOD activity, decrease in the activity of catalase and a reduction in the rate of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy analysis of the inhibitor fraction of the methanol leaf extract of C. farinosa revealed a characteristic band absorption spectrum similar to aminonitrile. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 4-methyl-3-(2-methylhydrazino)-phenol; 2,3,4,5-tetraacetate-D-ribonitrile; 5-ethyl-2-ethylpyridine 1-oxide derivatives of hydrazine, ribonitrile and pyridine. The 13C NMR spectra revealed the presence of carboxylic acid moiety at dC 172.21 (C-1), OH-bonded methyl at dC 71.91 (C-3), and acetyloxy bonded to methylene adjacent to carbonyl dC 132.37 (C-6). On the basis of these findings, compound 1 was assigned as 6-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-hexenoic acid.It can be concluded that inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity reduced blood glucose concentration and may therefore be used as a possible therapeutic target for reduction of hyperglycemia in diabetes. The result indicated that C. farinosawas useful in reducing blood glucose concentration and can be used as antidiabetic medicine. The plant may also be a useful source in reducing oxidative stress.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA-NIGERIA. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA-NIGERIA.
Keywords
EVALUATION,, MODULATORY EFFECT,, METHANOLIC EXTRACT,, CADABA FARINOSA Forssk,, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE,, STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS