ASSESSMENT OF PUMPKIN AND BALSAM APPLE SEED OILS AS FEEDSTOCK FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

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dc.contributor.authorYUSUF, JAMES
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-29T11:45:40Z
dc.date.available2018-08-29T11:45:40Z
dc.date.issued2017-05
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractThis research sought to assess the potential of oils obtained from pumpkin; C. maxima and balsam apple, M. balsamina for biodiesel production. Oils were extracted from the seeds using n-hexane in a soxhlet extractor, then transesterified to biodiesel using single step alkali hydrolysis. The biodiesel so produced were analyzed for their physicochemical and fuel properties using American Standards for Testing and Materials. Fatty acid methyl esters yield was measured using GC-MS. Percentage oil yields were 42.13 ± 0.11 % and 33.21 ± 0.18 % for C. maxima and M. balsamina, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the oils showed high acid values (C. maxima 8.415 ± 0.8 and M. balsamina 9.958 ± 0.5 mg/KOH/g). The percentage oil degumming for C. maxima was 7.6 ± 0.1 % and M. balsamina, 10.12 ± 0.6 %. Some critical fuel parameters for both biodiesel produced from pumpkin and balsam apple showed compliance with American Standards for Testing and Materials and European standard specifications. The result of biodiesel produced from pumpkin showed; Colour 2.1 ± 0.0, cetane number 54.148 ± 0.52, flash point 127 ± 0.00 oC, cloud point 1.1 ± 0.00 oC, pour point -0.3 ± 0.0 oC, sulphur content 0.032 ± 0.01 ppm, kinematic viscosity 4.94 ± 0.0 mm2/s and specific gravity 0.8713 ± 0.0 g/cm3, and for the biodiesel produced from balsam apple; Colour 2.9 ± 0.0, cetane number 57.699 ± 0.23, flash point 137 ± 0.00 oC, cloud point 1.0 ± 0.00 oC, pour point -0.4 ± 0.0 oC, sulphur content 0.021 ± 0.01 ppm, kinematic viscosity 3.82 ± 0.0 mm2/s and specific gravity 0.8615 ± 0.0 g/cm3. The percentage yield of biodiesel from pumpkin and balsam apple oils were 96.78 ± 0.9 and 89.12 ± 0.04 % respectively. Stearic acid methyl ester was dominant with percentage of 14.03 % in BOMEs, which is saturated. The unsaturated methyl esters oleic acid was dominant in the POMEs with a percentage of 33.18 %. The results infer that oils from C. maxima and M. balsamina possess physicochemical properties that are suitable for biodiesel production. The yields of the oils are high enough and comparable with other oils that have been used for biodiesel productionen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/10155
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectASSESSMENT,en_US
dc.subjectPUMPKIN,en_US
dc.subjectBALSAM APPLE SEED OILS,en_US
dc.subjectFEEDSTOCK,en_US
dc.subjectBIODIESEL PRODUCTIONen_US
dc.titleASSESSMENT OF PUMPKIN AND BALSAM APPLE SEED OILS AS FEEDSTOCK FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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