BIOACCUMULATION OF CHROMIUM, COPPER AND ZINC BY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM TEXTILE EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED SITES IN KANO, NIGERIA
BIOACCUMULATION OF CHROMIUM, COPPER AND ZINC BY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM TEXTILE EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED SITES IN KANO, NIGERIA
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Date
2016-11
Authors
MOHAMMED, Hauwa Aliyu
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Abstract
Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of textile effluent and water samples from Challawa industrial estate of Kano State, Nigeria were analyzed in this study and most of these parameters were found to be beyond the permissible standards stipulated by Nigerian Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and this call for serious concern and attention. A total of 98 fungi were isolated from textile effluent and water samples. These were dominated by Six fungal genera which comprised of three species of Aspergillus namely; A.niger, A.flavus and A.versicolor along with Penicillium spp., Chrysosporium spp., Microsporum spp., Rhizopus spp. and Trichoderma spp. These fungal isolates were screened for their ability to resist heavy metals (chromium, copper and Zinc) at concentrations of 20ppm and 30ppm. Chrysosporium sp proved to be most resistant to Zn and Cu with tolerance index of 0.445 and 0.367 respectively while Aspergillus niger was most resistant to Cr with tolerance index of 0.356. Fungal isolates resistant to heavy metals were there after tested for bioaccumulation ability of the heavy metals present in the textile effluent at laboratory scale level. The uptake capacity of the heavy metals per unit biomass of the fungi was highest in Chrysosporium sp (0.110mg/g, 0.101mg/g and 0.118mg/g in the uptake of Cr, Cu & Zn respectively), this was followed by Aspergillus niger (Cr=0.103mg/g, Cu=0.096mg/g and Zn=0.123mg/g), Aspergillus flavus (Cr=0.096mg/g, Cu=0.096mg/g, and Zn=0.092mg/g), Penicillium sp (Cr=0.091mg/g, Cu=0.088mg/g, and Zn=0.079mg/g), Aspergillus versicolor (Cr=0.090mg/g, Cu=0.071mg/g and Zn=0.072mg/g), Trichoderma sp (Cr=0.087mg/g, Cu=0.066mg/g, and Zn=0.066mg/g), Rhizopus sp (Cr=0.071mg/g, Cu=0.054mg/g, and Zn=0.059mg/g), and Microsporon sp (Cr=0.073mg/g, Cu=0.057mg/g, and Zn=0.053mg/g) in descending order. Also, Chrysosporium sp had the highest percentage removal efficiency for Cr,
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Cu and Zn present in the textile effluent sample (Cr=74.67%, Cu=67.37%, and Zn=85.94%), which was followed by Aspergillus niger (Cr=68.21%, Cu=64.09% and Zn=62.24%), Aspergillus flavus (Cr=64.52%, Cu=63.85% and Zn=62.34%), Penicillium sp (Cr=63.37%, Cu=58.86%, and Zn=54.10%), Aspergillus versicolor (Cr=57.07%, Cu=51.447% and Zn=49.27%), Trichoderma sp (Cr=55.31%, Cu=45.24% and Zn=45.74%), Rhizopus sp (Cr=52.28%, Cu=35.75% and Zn=41.21%), and Microsporum sp (Cr=48.51%, Cu=38.19% and Zn=36.11%) in descending order. These findings further indicated that heavy metal resistant fungi are good candidate organisms for bioremediation of industrial effluent contaminated with heavy metals.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER DEGREE (M.Sc.) IN MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA.
Keywords
BIOACCUMULATION,, CHROMIUM,, COPPER,, ZINC,, FUNGI ISOLATED,, TEXTILE EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED SITES,, KANO,, NIGERIA