IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF EXTRACTS FROM SOME LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ON AGENTS OF UROGENITAL INFECTIONS.
IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF EXTRACTS FROM SOME LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ON AGENTS OF UROGENITAL INFECTIONS.
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Date
1997-04
Authors
BODA, Maurice
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Abstract
Aqueous and methanolic extracts from the following plant parts were
screened for their antimicrobial properties: Abrusprecatorius ( Stem. Seed
and Leaf). Khaya senegalensis ( Stem bark and Leaf ). Jatropha curcas (
Stem bark and Leaf), Securidaca longipedunculata ( Leaves mixed with
Fruits ), Parkin biglobosa ( Stem bark ). Cassia alata (Leaves ). and the
whole plant o( Borreria verticillata and Euphorbia hirta. The microorganisms
on which the extracts were tested were. Xeisseria gonorrhoeae.
Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Candida albicans, and a Tricomonas spp. The result showed thai all the
nine test organisms were susceptible to the alcoholic and aqueous extracts
of the stem bark of P. biglobosa. Extracts from the stem bark of K.
senegalensis and stem of Abrus precatorius also exhibited a broad
spectrum antimicrobial activity on seven out of nine test organisms.
Extracts ( aqueous or methanolic ) from S. longipedunculata. E. hirta, B,
verticillata, K. senegalensis leaves, A. precatorius seed, and leaves of C.
alata, showed a moderate microbicidal activity with effect on at least four
test organisms, while extracts from leaves of J. curcas and A. precatorius
were poorly effective. Some extracts were found to be highly inhibitory
but not microbicidal to the test organisms. N, gonorrhoeae, S. pyogenes,
C. albicans and Tricomonas spp were more sensitive to the alcoholic
extracts than to aqueous extracts, while A, pneumoniae P. aeruginosa and
E. coli showed the reverse. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus and
Salmonella to aqueous and methanolic extracts was indiscriminate, and
these two pathogens were recorded as the most sensitive test organisms. All the test organisms used were resistant to tlje aqueous stem bark extract
of J. curcas, and the methanolic extract of this plant part was effective
only on Salmonella spp,
For alcoholic extracts, the lowest M.I.C value ( 0.625 mg/mL ) was
obtained with the stem bark extracts of K. senegalensis and P. biglobosa
on S. aureus and Salmonella spp.. while the lowest M.M.C value ( 1.25
mg/mL ) was obtained with the same extracts on S. aureus. Many extracts
were inhibitory or microbicidal at the highest M.I.C. and M.M.C. value
which was 40mg/mL. For aqueous extracts the M.I.C. values range from
0.23mg'mL to 56mg'mL, the lowest value was obtained with K.
senegalensis stem bark extract on S. aureus and the highest value with S.
longipedunculata on C. albicans. The lowest M.M.C value ( 0.75mg mL )
was also recorded with K. senegalensis stem bark on S. aureus and the
highest value ( 46.1 mg/mL ) with P. biglobosa stem bark on C. albicans.
Methanol extract from all the plant parts were also screened lor their
possible toxic potential, using brine shrimps ( Anemia salina ) toxicity
assay. Four extracts, precisely from the stem and seed of A. precatorius
and stem bark and leaf of J curcas showed a significant toxicity on the
shrimps, with LC50 values lower than 200ug/mL.
The stem extract of A precatorius was the most toxic ( LC50=104.0857
u,g/mL ) while extracts from the mixture of leaf and fruit of S.
longipedunculata and leaf of K. senegalensis were the least toxic to the
shrimps with LC50 value greater than 1000 ug'mL.
Description
Thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School Alimadu Bello
University, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
degree of Master of Science in Microbiology.
Department of Microbiology
Faculty of Science
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Keywords
IN VITRO,, ASSESSMENT,, EXTRACTS,, LOCAL MEDICINAL,, PLANTS,, UROGENITAL INFECTIONS,