ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EMISSION OF DIOXIN AND FURAN FROM OPEN BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE IN BIU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EMISSION OF DIOXIN AND FURAN FROM OPEN BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE IN BIU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2015-05
Authors
MAMMAN, Maina
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Abstract
Potential emission of dioxin and furan from open burning of agricultural crop residue Post-harvest waste generated in Biu local government area of Borno state, Nigeria was estimated. This is with a view to knowing the types, quantity and strength of these crop residues generated and the estimate of dioxin and furan released annually so that an inventory of UPOPs can be created. The method adopted was field survey and focus group discussion using a set of structured questions. The total hectare of land cultivated for the selected crop type as contained in the UNEP standard toolkit from the host communities were estimated to be 1450ha. for the period of the study. The study revealed that; maize, sorghum and rice were produced in large quantity in the area. For maize alone in ten communities, 140 tonnes of waste was generated, sorghum118 tonnes, millet 115 tonnes, rice 111 tonnes and cowpea 53 tonnes of waste was generated. The major waste management measure adopted is ‘open burning’. The annual quantity of agricultural crop residues generated for burning in these communities was estimated to be 381 tons; the UNEP standard toolkit was used to categorize the crops based on their high chlorine content. For maize the emission potential was 3060μg, Sorghum 2580μg, rice 2130μg and millet 2100μg, TEQ/per was generated in all the communities surveyed. Using the emission factor of 30μg and the amount of agricultural crop residue generated of about 381 tons/per year, an estimate of 11,088μg emission TEQ/year in the area was generated. Among the communities selected, Maina Hari has the highest land area cultivated during the period of this field survey followed by Mangada and Mandafuma. The survey also revealed that farmers have difficulties in accessing information on environmental health hazard of open burning of agricultural waste, while some still lack basic knowledge on health risk arising from open burning of crops residues. Regulatory efforts should focus on the identification and control of airborne environmental sources of pollution resulting from burning activities, which are currently the major origin of food chain contamination,
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
Keywords
ASSESSMENT,, POTENTIAL EMISSION OF DIOXIN AND FURAN,, OPEN BURNING,, AGRICULTURAL WASTE,, BIU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,, BORNO STATE,, NIGERIA