PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAF EXTRACT OF STEREOSPERMUM KUNTHIANUM (BIGNONIACEAE)
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAF EXTRACT OF STEREOSPERMUM KUNTHIANUM (BIGNONIACEAE)
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Date
2008-03
Authors
ALIYU, Hanwa Umar
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Abstract
Stereospermum kunthianum (Bignoniacea) herb is used in Hausa
ethnomedicine in treating bronchitis, veneral diseases, diarrheoa and
dysentery. It is also used in the treatment of ulcers, leprosy, skin eruptions,
respiratory ailments and gastritis. The plant is common in Northern Nigeria
where it is used as abortifacient and as antihypertensive agent.
General phytochemical investigation of both petroleum ether and ethanolic
extracts of the leaves of Stereospermum, kunthianum revealed the presence
of sterol/triterpenes, coumarin, fatty acids while flavones and alkaloids were
absent. In the ethanolic extract, sterols/triterpenes saponins, tannins,
coumarins and free carboxylic acids were found to be present.
Extensive phytochemical, chromatographic and physiochemical and
spectroscopic investigation of the petroleum ether extract of the leaves of
Stereospermum kunthianum using column chromatography on silica-gel with
gradient elution afforded methyl-1-undecyl-2, 3, 3a, 5a, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9a 10, 11,
11a- dodecahydro-IH-cyclopenta[a] phenanthrene -4-carboxy. The structure
was established by elemental analysis and the use of ACD/ NMR Assistant
(a computer software). Library search and computer interpretation of the
1HNMR spectrum obtained support the molecula formular of the compound
as C30 H48O2.
Pharmacological studies of the n-butanol extract on isolated rabbit jejunum
showed a dose-dependent relaxation of the tissue. The acute toxicity test for
the extract in mice established an intraperitioneal LD50 of 3,807.9mg/kg. In
castor oil-induced diarrhoea, 60% protection was observed at doses of
500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg respectively. The plant extract exhibited antidiarrheoal
activity that was comparable to that of Loperamide 5mg/kg. The
result revealed that the extract have pharmacological activity against
diarrheoa, this suggests some traditional claims of the plant.
Description
A Thesis Submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Award of TheDegree of Master of
Science in Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria
Keywords
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES,, LEAF EXTRACT,, STEREOSPERMUM KUNTHIANUM,, (BIGNONIACEAE).