LARVICIDAL POTENTIAL OF CITRUS SINENSIS AND SESAMUM INDICUM LEAF N-HEXANE EXTRACTS AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS MOSQUITO SPECIES
LARVICIDAL POTENTIAL OF CITRUS SINENSIS AND SESAMUM INDICUM LEAF N-HEXANE EXTRACTS AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS MOSQUITO SPECIES
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Date
2016-08
Authors
BUZU, BLESSING SIM
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal potential of crude and partially purified fractions of Citrus sinensis and Sesamum indicum leaf extracts against third instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito species at various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400ppm). Aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of these two plants were tested for larvicidal activity. The Highest larval mortality in Citrus sinensis was observed in the n- hexane extract with a percentage mortality of 90% and LC5O & LC90 values of 0.210 and 6.498ppm respectively. Highest larval mortality in Sesamum indicum was also observed in the n-hexane extract with a percentage mortality of 47% and LC50 & LC90 values of 3.179 and 10.344ppm respectively. Phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins and terpenoids. After partial purification using chromatographic techniques, seven different fractions were collected for each of the two n-hexane extracts and were tested for larvicidal activity. The fractions with the highest larvicidal activity were fraction 3 of Citrus sinensis (CSHE-F3) with percentage mortality of 93% at 400ppm after 24hrs and fraction 6 of Sesamum indicum (SIHE-F6) with percentage mortality of 52% at 400ppm after 24hrs.The two potent fractions were further subjected to Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy. Citrus sinensis fraction was found to contain alkyl halides, alcohols, alkanes, carboxylic acid functional groups while Sesamum indicum fraction revealed alkyl halides, alkenes, amides, nitro compounds, aldehydes and carboxylic acids functional groups which may be implicated in the larvicidal activity. The n-hexane fractions of Citrus sinensis and Sesamum indicum exhibited larvicidal activity and these results indicate promising approaches against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito species. Hence, leaf n-hexane extracts of Citrus sinensis and Sesamum indicum can be considered as mosquito control agents without pollution of the environment.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
LARVICIDAL POTENTIAL,, CITRUS SINENSIS,, SESAMUM INDICUM,, LEAF N-HEXANE EXTRACTS,, CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS,, MOSQUITO SPECIES,