WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM SELECTED DAMS IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM SELECTED DAMS IN ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2018-09
Authors
AREGBE, Elizabeth Adenike
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
This study is aimed at assessing the water quality and characterizing the antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonellaspp from selected dams in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A 10- month study was carried out on the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of water samples and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella spp from selected Dams in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four hundred and fifty (450) water samples were collected from threeselecteddamsin Zaria. The locations were Kubanni Dam, Galma Dam and Markwa Dam. The physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out by assessing twelve (12) parameters both in the dry and wet seasons. The bacterial load of water samples from the selected dams in Kaduna State, Nigeria were determined using the pour plate method.Salmonellaspp were isolated from the water samples on selective culture media. Pure isolates were identified by conventional biochemical test and characterized using Microgen identification. TheAntibiotic susceptibility profiles of the Salmonella isolates were determined using the disc diffusion methods as described in official monographs. The antibiotic resistance genes in selected isolates using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were detected.Thephysicochemical parameters of water samples showed three parameters exceeded standard drinking water quality values of World Health Organization(2011) and Nigerian Drinking Water Quality Standards permissible limits (2007).Turbidity ranged from 20.18±26.17 (Markwa dam) to 37.39±35.69) (Galma), hardness ranged from 233.46±82.10 Galma to
ix
238.55±104.31mg/l Markwa and Chemical Oxygen Demand ranged from 238.80±48.95mg/lGalma to 274.25±97.90mg/l Kubannidam.The results for the bacterial load of water was highest for the month of May for the three dams.Markwa dam had the highest bacterial counts during the wet season(1.53×108±2.71×106cfu/ml).A total of 101 (22.4%) bacterial isolates was obtained from the water samples among which 43(9.5%) were identified target isolates. The isolation rates of Salmonella Serovars was 9.5% with S.Arizonae, S.Pullorum, and S.Choleraesuis as the most frequently isolated species. Of these 43 target isolates, 27(6.0%) were S. Arizonae,S.Pullorum 14(3.1%)and 2(0.4%) S.Choleraesuis isolates. Wet season had occurrence of the isolates 22(4.8%) than the dry season 21 (4.6%).S.Arizonae, S.Pullorum and S.Choleraesuiswere 100% susceptible to Imipenem (10μg) and Ceftriaxone (30μg) respectively.S.Choleraesuis isolates were 100% susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (5μg). Most isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (10μg), Nalidixic acid (30 μg) and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (30μg),Cefoxitin(30μg) and Cotrimoxazole (25μg). The presence of antibiotic resistance genes, catP, sul2,tem, and gyrB genes was demonstrated in 5(33.3%),1(6.7%), 2(13.3%) and 9(60.0%) respectively of S.Arizonae, catP, sul2,tem,and gyrBgenes in 4(26.7%), 1(6.7%), and 1(6.7%) and 6(40.0%)respectively of S.Pullorumand none inS.Choleraesuisby PCR. The presence of multidrug resistant enteric bacterial pathogens suggests that the water samples were contaminated with faecal matters and that antibiotics were used in the environment indiscriminately. Therefore policy should be put in place in water quality monitoring to warn against hazards to public health and vulnerable water resources.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA
Keywords
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT,, CHARACTERIZATION,, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES,, SALMONELLA SPECIES,, DAMS,, ZARIA,, KADUNA STATE,, NIGERIA,