SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MEASLES VIRUS AMONG CHILDREN 0 – 12 YEARS OF AGE IN SOME STATES IN NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA
SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MEASLES VIRUS AMONG CHILDREN 0 – 12 YEARS OF AGE IN SOME STATES IN NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA
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Date
2017-08
Authors
ABDULFATAI, KHADIJAT
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Abstract
A serological survey and molecular characterization of measles virus among children 0 – 12 years of age was carried out in some states in North Western Nigeria. A total of 450 blood samples were collected and analyzed for measles virus IgM and IgG using Elisa kit obtained from Diagnostic Automation/ Cortez Diagnostics, California USA and the results was interpreted according to the manufacturer‟s instruction. The data was analyzed using statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Out of the 450 samples analyzed 158(35.10%) were seropositive for IgM and 385 (85.60%) were seropostive for IgG. In relation to the age group for measles virus IgM, children in age group 1 – 5 years had the highest seroprevalence of 47.80%(96/201), followed by children who were < 1 years with the seroprevalence of
31.25%(25/80). Children in age group 11 – 15 years had the least seroprevalence of 11.90%(08/67). For measles virus IgG, in relation to the age group, children in age group 1 – 5 years had the highest seroprevalence of 97.07%(195/201), followed by those in age group 6 – 10 years with the seroprevalence of 93.14%(95/102). Children who were <1years had the least
seroprevalence of 50%(40/80). There was statistically significant association between age and presence of measles virus IgM and IgG (P < 0.05). In relation to sex for IgM, male children had the highest seroprevalence of 35.80%(83/232) while female children had lower seroprevalence of
34.40%(75/218). For IgG antibody in relation to sex, male children had the highest seroprevalence of 85.31%(198/232) compared to female children who had seroprevalence of 85.77%(187/218). These difference was however not statistically significant (P = 0.761 > 0.05, P = 0.896 > 0.05) respectively. Seroprevalence of measles virus IgM in relation to sociodemographic
factors showed that there was statistically significant association between level of parents education (P = 0.000), parent‟s occupation (P= 0.000 < 0.05), parent socio-economic status (P = 0.000) and nutritional status of children (P = 0.002 < 0.05) and the presence of measles virus. Analysis of the results in respects to vitamin A supplement intake showed a statistically significant association between measles virus infection and intake of vitamin A (P =
0.001 < 0.05). The analysis of results in relation to symptoms of Measles Virus Infection also showed a significant association between measles infection and symptoms of measles except for diarrhoea (P = 0.059 > 0.05), vomiting (P = 0.077 > 0.05) and conjunctivitis (P = 0.114 > 0.05). Analysis of the results in respect to vaccination status of children showed a significant association between presence of IgM and vaccination status of children (P = 0.000 < 0.05). This study found age, nutritional status of the children, parent socio-economic status, parent occupation, parent education, vaccination status of children and vitamin A supplement intake as important demographic and risk factors of measles virus infection in children. Ten (10) IgM positive samples from each state were randomly selected and subjected to RT PCR, out of which
21(66.7%: 21/30) showed a band with an amplicon size of 527bp. Genotype B3 strain was shown to be the circulating strain of measles virus by sequencing in the study area. The BLAST information obtained from the queried sequences from the GenBank corresponded with genotype
B3 strain from Genbank. The phylogenetic relatedness of measles virus in this study with those in the GenBank revealed a common homology. This study found 85.6% of the children in the study area to possess IgG antibody to measles virus. This implies that they were immune to measles. However, 14.4% had acute infection (IgM) which implies lack of vaccination or an
incomplete course of vaccination which made them susceptible to measles virus infection. It is therefore recommended that measles immunization program should be improved on in order to reach all eligible children
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SEROPREVALENCE,, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION,, MEASLES VIRUS,, CHILDREN 0 – 12 YEARS OF AGE, NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA