EFFECTS OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON NEUROBEHAVIOURAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS CHANGES INDUCED BY SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CHLORPYRIFOS IN MALE WISTAR RATS By ENOKELA SHAIBU IDOGA DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA MAY,

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dc.contributor.authorIDOGA, ENOKELA SHAIBU
dc.date.accessioned2017-06-01T10:53:07Z
dc.date.available2017-06-01T10:53:07Z
dc.date.issued2015-05
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the modulatory role of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO) on neurotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure. The methanol extract of the MO leaves were first subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. The quantity of flavonoids was evaluated using the High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while vitamins A, C and E were also evaluated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. To investigate the modulatory role of MO leaves on CPF-induced neurotoxicty, 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals each.Group I was administered with distilled water (2 ml/kg); Group II, with soya oil (2 ml/kg); Group III, with MO (500 mg/kg); and Group IV, with CPF (9.8 mg/kg~1/10th of the LD50 determined). Groups V and VI were administered with MO at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, 30 min before administration of CPF (9.8 mg/kg). The regimens were administered once daily via gavage for a period of 9 weeks. Animals were subjected to neurobehavioural tests such as open field (measuring frequency of locomotion, rearing, stretch–attends posture, defaecation and urination), beam-walk (measuring motor coordination), ladder walk, (measuring efficiency of locomotion) inclined plane (measuring neuromuscular coordination), forepaw grip time (measuring motor strength), excitability scores and forced swimming (measuring depression) on day 0, weeks 3, 6 and 9 of administration, and then step-down avoidance test (measuring learning and short-term memory) at the end of extract administration. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and the brain tissues harvested. The homogenates were assayed for levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Brain tissue was also processed for histopathological examinations. The phytochemical screening indicated that MO extract was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, tannin and viii terpenoids. Quantitative analysis of the antioxidant components of the plant showed that the flavonoid, vitamins A, C and E contents of the plant were 22.6% w/w, 0.3 mg/g, 6.7 mg/g and 0.22 IU/g, respectively. The result of the subchronic toxicity showed that CPF decreased (P < 0.05) frequency of locomotion and rearing, indicating deficiency of motor activity, and increased (P < 0.05) the frequency of stretch-attends posture and defaecation in the open field, demonstrating anxiogenic response. The CPF induced significant (P < 0.05) deficits in beam-walk score, forepaw grip time, ladder work, forced swimming time and excitability score, while it marginally increased (P > 0.05) the number of foot shocks, but decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the time spent on the platform in the step-down avoidance inhibition apparatus indicating apparent deficits in learning and significant deficit in short-term memory, respectively. The CPF group also showed an increase in brain MDA concentration and reduction in the activities of SOD, GPx but an increase in the activity of CAT, indicating oxidative stress. Histopathology revealed that CPF induced neuronal degeneration. Pretreatment with MO extract mitigated the deficit in motor activity, anxiety, motor coordination, neuromuscular coordination, motor strength, excitability scores, depression, learning and short-term memory provoked by subchronic CPF administration. MO pretreatment modulated the brain AChE activity and mitigated the neuronal degeneration provoked by CPF. MO also mitigated the CPF-induced oxidative stress in the brain by reducing MDA concentration and modulated the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx, demonstrating its antioxidant effect. In conclusion, MO pretreatment mitigated CPF-evoked neurotoxicity due to the flavonoid, vitamins C and E contents of the plant extract, which confers its antioxidant and AChE restorative properties.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9046
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEFFECTS,en_US
dc.subjectMETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT,en_US
dc.subjectMORINGA OLEIFERA,en_US
dc.subjectNEUROBEHAVIOURAL,en_US
dc.subjectOXIDATIVE STRESS CHANGES INDUCED,en_US
dc.subjectSUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE,en_US
dc.subjectCHLORPYRIFOS,en_US
dc.subjectMALE WISTAR RATS,en_US
dc.titleEFFECTS OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON NEUROBEHAVIOURAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS CHANGES INDUCED BY SUBCHRONIC EXPOSURE TO CHLORPYRIFOS IN MALE WISTAR RATS By ENOKELA SHAIBU IDOGA DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA MAY,en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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