SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2014-07
Authors
SANI, Yahaya
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Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that socio-economic variables are the strongest predicators
of energy use. Income, education, occupation and location have now become measures used
in this study. A survey involving questionnaire administration and energy consumption
monitoring in selected household was carried out. The total estimated figure of the sampling
area for this study was 1,556,997. Thus, this study was in line with Krejcie and Morgan
(1970) who recommended that for a population size of between 250,000 and 3000 million a
sample size of 384 should be taken. The stratified random sampling method was applied in
the study area. Two (2) levels of stratification method were used in selecting settlements (i.e
urban and rural) for this study in the study area. Purposive sampling method was used to
select the streets and houses for the administration of questionnaire. Analysis was carried out
on data collated from the study and monitoring within delineated strata to get a representative
generalised result for the study area. An average of 66.7 percent of household heads prefer
biomass fuel against 33.3 percent preference of fossil fuel for cooking and heating in Katsina
state. Data collected within component strata indicates higher use of wood at 23.9kg in Baure
rural area of Daura senatorial zone, the lowest 18.1kg fuel wood consumption per household
per day in Katsina urban area of Katsina senatorial zone. In contrast substantial use of
cooking gas at 1.44kg/household per day in Katsina urban area of Katsina senatorial zone
against nil recorded in all the three rural areas (Rimi, Baure and Sabuwa. The use of kerosene
on the other hand cut across all the strata at 1.4, 0.6, 0.85, 0.53, 1.0 and 0.53 litres for urban
Katsina, Funtua (rural), urban Daura, Baure (rural), urban futua and Sabuwa (rural)
respectively. The use of electricity at 61.2% put it as the most preferred for lighting. Pattern
of energy use indicates switch between season, with highest being as switch from kerosene to
fuel wood in dry season in the study area. While most of these energy sources are noted to be
adequately supplied demand is usually high in dry season except electricity whose supply is
determined by prevailing situation on the upstream sector i.e generation and transmission
form the power plants. The federal government deregulation policy on petroleum products
has impacted negatively on the demand and supply of household energy in the study area.
Average expenditure of N347.83 per day household for cooking, heating and lighting
amounting to a sizeable percentage of income of most household heads (energy finances) was
recorded. The situation within strata indicates average expenditure of N470.00 per household
per day in Katsina urban area. It is followed by Funtua and Daura urban areas with N455.00
and N445.00 respectively for rural areas, Rimi is recorded with an average daily energy
expenditure of N252.00. it followed by Sabuwa and Baure with N240.00 and N225.00
respectively. The amount may be little but when compared to the perceive earning of some
respondents represent large chunk of their income. Low level of awareness of the effect of
burnt energy on environment amongst others is adduced for the trend. It is recommended that
the antidote to low rate of adoption of modern energy sources in the study area is the
enlightenment of people and provision of subsidy on energy sources by government and
relevant intervention agencies.
Description
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILlLENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
Keywords
SOCIO-ECONOMIC,, EFFECTS,, HOUSEHOLD,, ENERGY,, KATSINA,, NIGERIA.