SEROPREVALENCE AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISATION OF MEASLES VIRUS AMONG CHILDREN 0-10 YEARS IN PARTS OF NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorALIYU, MARYAM YAKASAI
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-13T13:35:04Z
dc.date.available2019-06-13T13:35:04Z
dc.date.issued2019-02
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOLOF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractMeasles is a highly infectious disease with potential for eradication but is still responsible for high mortality among children particularly in developing nations like Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in some parts of the Northwestern Nigeria with the aim to determine the seroprevalence of measles virus IgM antibody, identify the circulating measles virus genotypes and establish the risk factors associated with the acquisition of the infection. A total of 752 blood and nasal swabs sample and were collected from children (0-10 years) across three states; Kano, Katsina and Zamfara from November 2014 to December 2015. Study subjects were interviewed using self-structured questionnaires. Measles-specific IgM antibodies were screened qualitatively using commercial ELISA IgM kit (Diagnostic Automation and Cortez, Calabasas, CA, USA). Molecular detection and characterization of measles virus were carried out by RT-PCR, Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the 752 suspected cases of measles screened, three hundred and thirty-four samples (334) 44.4% were measles IgM antibody positive with children from Kano having the highest seroprevalence of 47.8% followed by Zamfara 43.3% and the least was Katsina with a seroprevalence of 41.1%, though the statistical association was not significant (χ2=2.512. P=0.285). Measles IgM antibody were detected in all age groups with the highest seroprevalence of 53.2% in the age group 1-24 months and the lowest 25.7% in the age group 73-96 months, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=20.1, p=0.001). Females had higher seroprevalence (46.7%) than their male counterparts (42.1%), though the result was not statistically significant (χ2=1.619, p=0.203). There was a significant association between measles IgM antibody seroprevalence and parent‘s occupation (χ2=22.58, p=0.001), parent‘s level of education (χ2=15.161, p=0.004), previous measles infection history (χ2=8.678, p=0.013) and involvement with crowd (χ2=6.298, p=0.012). However there was no statistically significant association with respect to children‘s vaccination status (χ2=2.555, P=0.279), number of times of vaccination (χ2=1.950, p=0.474), travel history (χ2=3.266, p=0.071), history of contact with infected persons (χ2=0.030, P=0.862) and vitamin A supplement intake (χ2=0.153, p=0.696). Measles IgM antibody seroprevalence was found to be associated with all the presenting symptoms rashes, cough, conjunctivitis, runny nose and fever (p value <0.05). This study recognized age, previous exposure to measles, parent‘s education level, parent‘s occupation and overcrowding as important demographic and risk factors associated with the acquisition of measles infection. The study further reaffirms that measles remain endemic in the study area, the presence of measles in this region among unvaccinated children indicate insufficient vaccination. The results of molecular and phylogenetic analysis revealed that N gene sequences of the strains from this study were closely related to each other, and sequence analysis revealed that the viruses belonged to genotype B3, subgroup B3.1; it further confirmed that single endemic genotype B3 viruses are predominantly circulating in Nigeria. Molecular surveillance will help to monitor the progress in measles elimination. This study highlights that genetic characterization of measles virus is an essential tool in the laboratory surveillance of measles, especially in countries like Nigeria where measles control is still the major goal.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11725
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectSEROPREVALENCE,en_US
dc.subjectGENOTYPIC CHARACTERISATION,en_US
dc.subjectMEASLES VIRUS,en_US
dc.subjectCHILDREN 0-10 YEARS,en_US
dc.subjectPARTS,en_US
dc.subjectNORTH-WESTERN NIGERIAen_US
dc.titleSEROPREVALENCE AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISATION OF MEASLES VIRUS AMONG CHILDREN 0-10 YEARS IN PARTS OF NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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