INCIDENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM GROUNDNUT CAKES (KULI-KULI) AND ROASTED GROUNDNUTS OBTAINED FROM ZARIA METROPOLIS
INCIDENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM GROUNDNUT CAKES (KULI-KULI) AND ROASTED GROUNDNUTS OBTAINED FROM ZARIA METROPOLIS
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Date
2017-07
Authors
TENDE, Mojisola Omotayo
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for several
difficult-to-treat infections in humans. Previous studies reported the identification of
MRSA in food demonstrating that food can represent a source of Staphylococcus aureus
which may carry the mecA gene. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of
multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae from groundnut cakes
(Kuli-Kuli) and roasted groundnut obtained from Zaria metropolis. A total of 294 samples
were obtained from different batches of roasted groundnut, kuli-kuli, and swabs from the
hands of the vendors. Bacteriological analysis of roasted groundnut and kuli-kuli samples
were carried out by growth on specific culture media.Nutrient Agar plates were also opened
around the environment where the kuli-kuli and groundnut were sold.
A total of 152 bacterial isolates were recovered from the 106 samples with significant
bacteria growth. Using the Microgen kits for identification, it was found that the isolates
consisted mainly of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococci. 82% (125/152) of the isolates
were Staphylococci. The Staphylococci were Staphylococcus aureus (40.6%),
Staphylococcus xylosus (23.2%), Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus hyicus
(8.7%), Staphylococcus chromogenes (7.2%), Staphylococcus schleiferi (5.8%),
Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.9%).
Full identification of isolates showed that the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae were
Citrobacter freundii (22.2%),Klebsiellaoxytoca (11.1%), Salmonella arizonae (7.4%),
Salmonella species (7.4%), Acinetobacter lwoffi (7.4%), Proteus vulgaris (7.4%), Serratia
marcescens and Acinetobacter haemolyticus (7.4%). The other Enterobacteriaceae
isolatedinclude Escherichia coli inactive (3.7%), Providencia stuartii (3.7%), Proteus
viii
mirabilis (3.7%), Enterobacter agglomerans (3.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.7%) and
Providencia alcalifaciens (3.7%).
Antibiotic resistance profile of the bacteria isolates showed that most of the
Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to the inhibitory activities of Cefixime (96%) and
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (74%). Gentamicin, Imipenem and Quinolones showed high
activities with 0%, 0% and 4% resistance respectively. Staphylococcus aureusisolates also
showed high resistance to Cefixime (82%). High percentages, (88.9%) of
Enterobacteriaceae, and (50.0%) of Staphylococcus aureus were observed to have MAR
index of 0.3 and above and 78% of Enterobacteriaceae and 61% of Staphylococcus aureus
were MDR, indicating that the isolates might have been pre-exposed to the antibiotics used
in this study. Six (6) of the Staphylococcus aureusisolates were found to be MRSA
phenotypically and molecular characterization of the isolates confirmed them to be carriers
of mecAgene, while 33.3% of them carried the vanA gene but, none of the MRSA
expressed the blaZ gene.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF MASTER DEGREE IN PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
INCIDENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS,, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE,, GROUNDNUT CAKES,, ROASTED GROUNDNUTS,, ZARIA METROPOLIS.