QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME SELECTED TOOTHPASTES USED IN NIGERIA.

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dc.contributor.authorOGBEH, ELIZABETH
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-06T08:41:54Z
dc.date.available2016-05-06T08:41:54Z
dc.date.issued2014-06
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTERS DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractIn this research work, Quality assessment of varieties of toothpastes used in Nigeria was investigated in this study. Ten different brands of toothpastes were purchased from the open market in Kaduna, Nigeria and their physicochemical properties, bacterial load, fluoride, heavy metal levels, titanium, saccharin and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) concentrations were determined using Standard methods. The pH of these toothpastes was found to range from between 5.20 to 8.42. 60% of the sampled toothpastes fell within the NAFDAC recommended pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. The moisture and volatile constituents of the toothpastes were between 28.03% and 46.19%, which is within the range set by NAFDAC. The fluoride concentration of the sampled toothpastes ranged from 770 ± 13.46 ppm to 1220 ± 5.00 ppm. Although none of the toothpastes was above the maximum limit of 1500 ppm fluoride as set by NAFDAC, three were found to be below the minimum set value of 850 ppm as required by NAFDAC. The results from the microbial load of the toothpastes showed that they were all sterile as no bacterial or fungal isolates were identified in any of the sampled toothpastes. Traces of titanium metals were found in all the sampled toothpastes ranging from 1.44 to 6.25 mg/g. While traces of heavy metals like Cd, Mn, Ni, Co and Zn were detected in the toothpaste samples. Lead was absent in all the sampled toothpastes. The concentration of saccharin in the analyzed toothpastes ranged between 83.3 ± 17.29 to 232.86 ± 11.47 mg/g while SLS ranged between 15.64 ± 10.11 to 21.30 ± 10.22 mg/g. The concentrations of the heavy metals and saccharin in the sampled toothpastes where compared with the level for their acceptable daily intake. It was deduced that users of this products were likely to be exposed to high risk of health issues if toothpaste which was meant for brushing the tooth is swallowed mistakenly. vii A comparative study of the concentration of heavy metals in local toothpastes with the foreign toothpastes showed that foreign toothpastes contained higher concentration of these heavy metals and may pose greater health problem to consumers. Therefore there is the need to sensitize consumers on the dangers involved in swallowing toothpastes and based on the results obtained from this research work, it is recommended that the importation of foreign toothpastes should not be encouraged.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7837
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectQUALITY ASSESSMENT,en_US
dc.subjectTOOTHPASTES,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA.en_US
dc.titleQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME SELECTED TOOTHPASTES USED IN NIGERIA.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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