REPLACEMENT OF GLYCINE MAX (L.) Merr. WITH TAMARINDUS INDICA L. SEED IN THE DIET OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) FINGERLINGS
REPLACEMENT OF GLYCINE MAX (L.) Merr. WITH TAMARINDUS INDICA L. SEED IN THE DIET OF OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) FINGERLINGS
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Date
2017-11
Authors
BASHIR, Abdulmalik Yusuf
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Abstract
Effect of processing on T. indica seed nut and growth response of O. niloticus fingerlings fed graded levels of fermented T. indica seed meal was investigated for 84 days. Fermented and roasted T. indica seed had 94.27 and 99.21; 21.44 and 26.86; 3.99 and 4.96; 6.73 and 7.03; 3.73 and 1.73; and 64.12 and 58.62% dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, lipid, ash and nitrogen free extracts, respectively while alkaloid, saponin, tannin and phytate were in concentrations 1.50 and 6.8; 1.80 and 4.1; 4.22 and 2.38; and 2.68 and 7.71 mg/g-1, respectively. Fermentation and roasting significantly increased the crude protein and lipid content of the seeds by 10.17 and 38.03; and 46.62 and 53.16%, respectively while alkaloid, saponin and phytate content of the fermented seeds were reduced by 59.46, 21.74 and 60.30%, respectively. Five diets were formulated at 30% crude protein; which were D1 (control: 0% inclusion of fermented T. indica seed meal), D2 (25% inclusion of fermented T. indica seed meal), D3 (50% inclusion of fermented T. indica seed meal), D4 (75% inclusion of fermented T. indica seed meal) and D5 (total replacement of soya beans seed meal with fermented T. indica seed meal). The results revealed that the best diet apart from the control diet was D4 as it gave the best mean weight gain (8.58g), standard length gain (2.54cm), total length gain (3.12cm), specific growth rate (0.85%days), percentage weight gain (1.01), nitrogen metabolism (194.60) and net profit (₦72.37) compared with the other diets. D4 also had the highest value of fish (₦98.70) apart from that of the control diet. The lowest growth and feed utilization were observed in diet D5 (total replacement). The condition factor (K) showed that the fish were kept in good condition throughout the period of study (K>1). Carcass composition showed that all fish fed with experimental diet had an increase in carcass crude protein and a decrease in nitrogen free extract. The crude protein of the fish carcass ranged between 49.99-54.02% compared to the initial of 43.91%. Cost
of feed production decreased with increase in inclusion level of fermented T. indica seed meal in diets. The use of T. indica seed at 75% inclusion level was the best apart from the control diet compared to the other diets. Thus the use of T. indica seed at 75% replacement level of Glycine max meal is recommended in the diet of O. niloticus fingerlings
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN FISHERIES
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
REPLACEMENT,, GLYCINE MAX,, Merr,, TAMARINDUS INDICA L,, SEED,, DIET,, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS,, (LINNAEUS, 1758),, FINGERLINGS