THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN JIGAWA STATE
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN JIGAWA STATE
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Date
2007-12
Authors
IBRAHIM, SALISU
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study on the Epidemiology of Human and Bovine Tuberculosis in
Jigawa State was conducted between June, 2003 and July, 2006 on households/herds of
Cattle in Jigawa State, to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and the
risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease in State. Cluster Sampling,
Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CIDT) and questionnaire were used. Based on
the CIDT test, the overall prevalence of the disease was 10.8%. Assessment of risk
factors shows that older cattle were more affected than calves, (p<0.01). There were
significant differences between Male and Female cattle (p<0.05) and between cattle with
exotic blood compared to indigenous cattle (p<0.05). Reactivity to tuberculin did not
appear to be influenced by reproductive status of the animal. The reactivity to tuberculin
of pregnant cattle was not significantly different from the rest of the cows (p>0.05).
However significantly, more lactating cattle reacted in the CIDT than did non- lactating
cows (p<0.05). Also the result showed that there is no relationship between cattle keeping
and the occurrence of TB in humans (P>0.05) and there is no association between herd
size and CIDT test (P>0.05).More than half 273(62%) of the respondents knew BTB, and
only 165(37.93) were conscious of its transmission from cattle to humans.
Also, a 4-year retrospective study (2003-2006) to look at the situation in humans was
conducted in the state. The number of cases were 894 in 2003,975 in 2004, 1416 in 2005
and 705 in 2006.Possible risk factors were overcrowding, malnutrition, TB in the family,
AIDS, smoking and poor housing. Eighty percent (80%) 0f cases were pulmonary, and
the number of cases increases with age. Persistent coughing was by far the most observed
clinical symptom. Form acid-fast negatives sample some were positive by culture. This
shows the weakness of this diagnostic procedure, misdiagnosis a sample as negative
represent a serious risk for the general populace. Efforts have to be focused on
implementing more accurate diagnostic procedures.
In conclusion, if the disease is left unchecked, it may lead to a drastic increase, therefore,
government has to do more on disease surveillance, control and prevention.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
(VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE)
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA.
DECEMBER, 2007
Keywords
EPIDEMIOLOGY,, HUMAN,, BOVINE,, TUBERCULOSIS,, JIGAWA STATE