ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND MOLECULAR STUDIES OF BIOACTIVE FRACTION OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT FROM Mentha piperita LEAVES IN POLOXAMER 407-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDAEMIC RATS
ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND MOLECULAR STUDIES OF BIOACTIVE FRACTION OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT FROM Mentha piperita LEAVES IN POLOXAMER 407-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDAEMIC RATS
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Date
2021-03
Authors
MOHAMMED, Hafsat Abdullahi
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Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effects of bioactive fraction of ethyl acetate extract of Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae) leaves in hyperlipidaemic rats were investigated. Antihyperlipidaemic activity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) was evaluated using lipid profile. Twelve (12) fractions (F1-F12) were thereafter collected from the extract with the most antihyperlipidaemic activity (ethyl acetate at 100 mg/kg). The most active fractions were selected for in vitro antioxidant and genotoxic studies by Diphenylpicryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenging activity and plasmid nicking assay respectively. The effects of the most antihyperlipidaemic fraction (F2) on redox sensitive biomarkers; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonaldialdehyde (MDA) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity at cellular and molecular levels were investigated. In addition, F2 was further subjected to Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analyses. All the fractions exhibited similar pattern of antihyperlipidaemic activity. However, fractions 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 were significantly (p< 0.05) antihyperlipidaemic than other fractions, with Fraction 2 (F2) being the most potent. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values obtained from % DPPH radical inhibition of ethyl acetate extract and and its fractions (2, 3, 4, 6 and 12) were 3.0, 3.58, 3.97, 15.97, 8.13, 2.67 μg /ml respectively. Ethyl acetate extract and fractions 3, 4, 6 and 12) showed protection against Fenton’s-induced genotoxicity. In addition, F2 was neither genotoxic nor geno-protective. Hyperlipidaemic animals treated with F2 showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in the level of MDA with concomitant enhancement of GSH, LPL activities in the liver and serum. More so, animals treated with F2 non-specifically and significantly (p<0.05) up regulated the expression of SOD,
CAT, and LPL in liver and blood relative to hyperlipidaemic untreated rats. GC-MS and LC-MS analyses of the most active fraction revealed oleic acid, vaccenic acid, 3, 4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, coumarin and triacontane as probable bioactive components with reported antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant effects. Findings of this study suggest that the most active fraction (F2) from ethyl acetate extract of M. piperita leaves possess antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant properties. Thus, may potentially be explored in the management of hyperlipidaemia and its related diseases.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA-NIGERIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE (Ph.D) IN BIOCHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC,, ANTIOXIDANT,, MOLECULAR STUDIES,, BIOACTIVE FRACTION,, ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT,, Mentha piperita LEAVES,, POLOXAMER 407-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDAEMIC RATS.