AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C ON NEUROBEHAVIOURAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY SUBACUTE CO-ADMINISTRATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS AND CYPERMETHRIN IN WISTAR RATS.
AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C ON NEUROBEHAVIOURAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY SUBACUTE CO-ADMINISTRATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS AND CYPERMETHRIN IN WISTAR RATS.
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Date
2011-07
Authors
AKANBI, DAYO OLUFEMI
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Abstract
Experiments were performed with the aim of evaluating the effects of vitamin C on
neurobehavioural, haematological and biochemical changes induced by repeated subacute coadministration
of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP) in Wistar rats. Forty adult Wistar
rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats (5 males and 5 females) each. The rats in group I
(control) were administered with soya oil (2 ml/kg), while those in group II were given vitamin
C (100 mg/kg) only. Rats in group III were co-administered with CPF (5.3 mg/kg) and CYP
(14.1 mg/kg) (~ 1/16th of their LD50), while those in group IV were pretreated with vitamin C
(100 mg/kg) followed by the administration of CPF (5.3 mg/kg) + CYP (14.1 mg/kg) 30 minutes
later. These regimens were given orally by gavage once daily for a period of 28 days. The effects
of the different treatments on body weight change, motor activity, anxiety, neuromuscular
coordination, learning and short-term memory were evaluated in the rats at various times during
the study period. Haematological parameters such as packed cell volume, haemoglobin
concentration, total erythrocyte count, total and absolute differential leucocyte count,
thrombocyte count and erythrocyte osmotic fragility were determined using standard methods.
Sera obtained from another set of blood samples were evaluated for the concentrations of total
protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, uric acid and glucose using standard methods. In
addition, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) were
evaluated in the sera samples. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring for the
thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain and liver of the rats.
The results demonstrated that subacute co-exposure to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin caused an
appreciable percentage decline in body weight gain although the changes were not significant (P
> 0.05). The CPF+CYP group demonstrated an increase in anxiety, sensorimotor reflex and brain
malondialdehyde concentration when compared to the control and vitamin C pretreated groups.
It also recorded a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in neuromuscular coordination, and learning
and memory indices as compared to the control and vitamin C pre-treated groups. Rats in the
CPF+CYP group were observed to have a relative decline in packed cell volume, haemoglobin
concentration, total erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts when compared to the S/oil and vitamin
C pretreated groups. Rats exposed to CPF+CYP recorded a relatively higher erythrocyte osmotic
fragility and total leucocyte count than rats in the control and VC groups. Serum AST, ALP,
LDH and CK values for the CPF+CYP group were relatively higher (although not significant; P
> 0.05) than the S/oil and VC groups. The serum concentrations of creatinine and urea were
increased while the serum concentrations of glucose, uric acid and albumin were decreased by
CPF+CYP when compared with control and VC groups. In conclusion, the study has shown that
pretreatment with vitamin C mitigates the alterations in neurobehavioural, haematological and
biochemical parameters induced by co-administration of CPF and CYP.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY,
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
31st JULY, 2011
Keywords
AMELIORATIVE,, EFFECTS,, VITAMIN C, NEUROBEHAVIOURAL,,, HAEMATOLOGICAL,, BIOCHEMICAL,, CHANGES,, INDUCED,, SUBACUTE,, CO-ADMINISTRATION,, CHLORPYRIFOS,, CYPERMETHRIN,, WISTAR