ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN WELLS LOCATED NEAR ABANDONED INDIGODYEING PITS IN ZARIA CITY, NIGERIA
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN WELLS LOCATED NEAR ABANDONED INDIGODYEING PITS IN ZARIA CITY, NIGERIA
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2015-11
Authors
ABDULLAHI, Amina Kudu
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Assessment of water quality in wells located near three abandoned indigo dyeing centers in Zaria City, Nigeria was carried out. Physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, colour, total dissolved solid, hardness, alkalinity, Cl- PO43-, NO3-, SO42-, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand), heavy metals ( Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb , Cd) and coliform test using standard method were used to study the well water quality in dry and wet seasons. The presence of dye residue in water was determined using FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The data obtained were compared with SON standard values and discussed. The result showed physical parameters (pH, temperature, turbidity, colour, and total dissolved solid) ranged from 7.92-8.75, 24.01-24.45°C, 1.33-281.33NTU, 5-30 hazen and 617.33-3186.37 mg/dm3 for dry season and 7.40-8.57, 28.05-29°C, 1.33-66.33NTU, 5-20 hazen and 444.33-3563.33mg/dm3 for wet season respectively. The result for chemical parameters (electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, Cl-, hardness, alkalinity, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, chemical oxygen demand) ranged from 272.00-5840.00μʅ/cm, 0.30-0.77mg/dm30.13-0.63mg/dm3, 2017.33-44613.46mg/dm3, 276.36-2898.91mg/dm3, 313.33-1663.33mg/dm3, 73.3-438.33mg/dm3, 0.70-12.67mg/dm3, 10.83-119.20mg/dm3and 8.00-56.67mg/dm3for dry season and 933.99-4783.33μʅ/cm, 0.30-2.13mg/dm3, 0.1-0.93mg/dm3,1798.67-7277.03mg/dm3, 538.95-3046.80mg/dm3, 153.33-1160.00mg/dm3, 42.67-351.67mg/dm3, 0.43-17.37mg/dm3,3.20-105.13mg/dm3and 2.03-35.00mg/dm3 for wet season respectively. Values obtained for metal analysis (Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Ni) ranged from not detected-0.09mg/dm3, 0.01-0.02mg/dm3, 0.04-0.11mg/dm3, not detected-0.21mg/dm3 and not detected-0.05mg/dm3 for dry season and 0.11-0.19mg/dm3, not detected-0.02mg/dm3, 0.00-2.26mg/dm3,0.00-0.18 mg/dm3and0.01-0.04. Large numbers of bacteria were found in wet season than in dry, none of the sampled wells gave a result that fell within the permissible level for drinking water quality given by the SON (2007) for both seasons. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the sources of pollution and the course of variation in the water samples for two seasons and Cluster Analysis (CA) was used to detect the similarities in the well water samples for the two seasons. The principal component analysis extracted important parameters which indicated the abandoned dyeing pits, pits toilet in close proximity to the well water, seasonal effects and domestic wastes to be the sources of pollution. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis grouped the sampled wells into three clusters for both seasons showing the similarities between sampling wells during the period under investigation. UV-Visible spectra of the extracts showed maximum absorption peaks at 465nm, 235nm and 220nm when, methanol, diethyl ether and n-hexane respectively were used for the extractions. The extracts showed the presence of C-H, CO,C-C=C, CH3 –C-H and N-H in FTIR spectra
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ASSESSMENT,, WATER QUALITY,, WELLS LOCATED,, ABANDONED INDIGODYEING PITS,, ZARIA CITY,, NIGERIA