EFFECTS OF SUMMARIES, MARGINAL NOTES AND FLOW DIAGRAMS ON RECALL OF PROSE TEXT
EFFECTS OF SUMMARIES, MARGINAL NOTES AND FLOW DIAGRAMS ON RECALL OF PROSE TEXT
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Date
1983-06-06
Authors
AVONG, EMMANUEL YANGIYOK
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Abstract
The study investigated the position and type effects
of different summaries on the retention of some meaningful
prose materials. The purpose was to find out if there
were any significant differences when the materials are
presented with different types of summaries in different
positions for different comparable groups of secondary
school children.
The retention test consisted of 20 items; which were
arranged in such a way that they did not aid students1
sequential recalling of the materials.
The following hypothesis was tested: There will be
no significant differences among the mean retention scores
of different comparable groups presented with the prose
text materials with different forms of summaries in
different positions, for example, marginal notes for every
paragraph or for two paragraphs, summary for every paragraph
placed either before or after each paragraph and summaries
in the form of flow diagrams of algorithmic charts for the
entire text placed either before or after the entire text.
Seven random groups of 40 children each were tested.
It was established that:
(a) The groups differed significantly from one another in
their mean retention scores at the 0.0001 level of
significance.
(b) The performances of the groups of subjects receiving
'summaries were better when the summaries were
presented after the paragraph or the entire text.
c) Summaries in the form of flow diagrams were the best
means of aiding retention.
(d) The performances of the control group subjects
receiving no summaries at all were the poorest of all,
The report ends with some discussion on the psychology
of retention and memory from the issues highlighted in this
study
Description
A dissertation Submitted to the Postgraduate
School, Ahmadu Bello University, in Partial
Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree
of Master of Education in Educational Psychology.
Department and Faculty of Education, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria.
Keywords
EFFECTS,, SUMMARIES,, MARGINAL NOTES,, DIAGRAMS,, RECALL,, PROSE TEXT.