EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATE AND SOWING DATE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATE AND SOWING DATE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETIES IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
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Date
2021
Authors
MUSIBAU, Wasiu Adewale
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Abstract
Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen rate and sowing date on the
growth and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties during 2018 rainy season
at the research farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Samaru and College of
Agriculture and Animal Science, Division of Agricultural Colleges (DAC) Mando, both
located in the Northern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. The treatments
consisted of four rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60, and 90kgha-1
), three sowing date (late
July, early August, and Late August) and two varieties of French bean (Premier and YCD1)
which were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot
arrangement and replicated three times. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had significant
effect on growth and yield characters of French bean such as plant height, number of leaves
per plants, total leaf area, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio with
application of 90 kg N ha-1
. Yield varied with increase in level of nitrogen fertilizer, highest
fresh pods (1632 kg ha-1 and 986 kg ha-1
) and grains yield (1.3 t ha-1
and 1.1 t ha-1
) were
recorded with application of nitrogen at 60 kg N ha-1 Mando at and Samaru respectively.
Sowing date recorded significant effects on growth and yield of French bean. French bean
sown late July or Late August significantly resulted in higher values for plant height, number
of leaves per plant, total leaf area, crop dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and
leaf area ratio. French bean sown Late August had resulted in higher yield values for number
of pods per plants, and pods length, late July sowing had significantly higher fresh pods yield
(1004 kg ha-1
and 672 kg ha-1
) at Mando and Samaru respectively while late August sowing
significantly recorded higher grains yield (919 kg ha-1
) at Mando. Varieties differ
significantly in terms of growth and yield components; variety YCD1 had taller plant (122.75 cm and 86.99 cm) while premier has shorter plants (119.22 cm and 82.24 cm)
Mando at and Samaru respectively, YCD1 had higher fresh pod yield (690 kg ha-1
) at Samaru
while premier (1071 kg ha-1
) at Mando, Premier recorded highest grain yield (893 kg ha-1
and
850 kg ha-1
) at both location respectively. Significant interaction between sowing date and
varieties was recorded on plant height; where late July and late August sown variety Premier
and late August sown variety YCD1 recorded taller plant, number of leaf per plant; late July
or early August sown variety YCD1 resulted in more number of leaves per plant, number of
grains per pod; applications of 30 and 60 kg N ha-1
for all sowing date and grain yield with
nitrogen; application of 60 kg N ha-1
favoured grain yield of both varieties. Correlation
matrix showed positive and significant relationship between grain yield and growth
parameters such as number of leaves per plant, crop dry matter, leaf area index, pod length
pod diameter and 100 grain weight at both locations. Application of nitrogen fertilizer at 60
kg N ha-1 was the best and gave the highest fresh pod yield of 1632 kg ha-1
and 986 kg ha-1
and grain yield of 1258 kg ha-1
and 1010 kg ha-1
at Mando and Samaru, respectively. Thereby
giving higher incomes of N142,507 and N180,295 for pod yield and N75,958 and N59,046
for grain yield, respectively
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER DEGREE OF SCIENCE IN
AGRONOMY
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY,
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA