TOXIC AND REPELLENT EFFECTS OF SEED OIL OF FIVE PLANTS ON THE LARVAE OF DERMESTES MACULATUS (Degeer) IN TREATED SMOKE- DRIED AFRICAN CATFISH, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (L.)
TOXIC AND REPELLENT EFFECTS OF SEED OIL OF FIVE PLANTS ON THE LARVAE OF DERMESTES MACULATUS (Degeer) IN TREATED SMOKE- DRIED AFRICAN CATFISH, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (L.)
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Date
2014-03
Authors
AKPOTU, Onoriode Joseph
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Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the toxicological effect of the seed oil of five plants namely; Albizia lebbeck (Woman’s tongue), Anacardiumoccidentale (Cashew), Citrulluscolocynthis (Melon), Citrullus vulgaris (Watermelon) and Khayasenegalensis (Mahogany) on the larvae of Dermestesmaculatus. The oils of these plants were extracted by soxhlet extraction. The physicochemical properties of the oils were determined by standard procedure. The result showed that K. senegalensis had the least(2.71) while C. vulgaris had the highest value (8.98) of the acid value property. The iodine value was highest (114) for A. lebbeck and least (42.40) for A. occidentale. The peroxide value was highest (10.75) for C.vulgaris and least (2.94) for C. colocynthis. There was no difference in the relative densities and also in the refractive indices of all the oils. The fatty acid composition of the oils was determined by GCMS procedure. Linoleic acid was present in all the oil samples analyzed. Behenic acid, Linolenic acid, Palmitoleic acid and Lignoceric acid were only seen in A. occidentale. Arachidic acid was present in A. lebbeck and A. occidentale. Oleic acid was present in A. occidentale and K. senegalensis. Palmitic acid was present in all the oils of these plants while Stearic acid was absent in C. vulgaris. The result showed that highest value of repellency rate (77.78%) was obtained in A. occidentale while the lowest value of repellency rate (44.44%) was obtained for C. colocynthisat 1.38ml application rate. The result also indicated that repellency was absolute (100%) at application level of 4.13ml of all the oils tested. The mortality effect of cashew.13ml and lowest (44.44%) at 0.46ml application rate. The interaction effect of 4.13ml of all the five seed oils at 96h exposure gave absolute kill (100%) at p<0.05. The interaction effect of 1.38ml cashew seed oil
and 72h exposure gave 87.78% kill, which was significant (p<0.05) greater than the percent kill of the other concentrations and exposure period. Similarly, the C. colocynthis and A. lebbeck at 1.38ml killed 81.11% of D. maculatus larvae, seed oil at tested applications against the insect larvae was dose dependent, highest (100%) at 4which was significant (p<0.05) compared to the control and the other concentrations of the same oil used in the experiment. C. vulgaris gave 91.11% kill at the same application level. The exposure of D. maculatus larvae to the fish treated with 1.38ml of K. senegalensis seed oil for 72h had a significant effect on its mortality (86.67% kill). The observed insecticidal effect of these oils on exposed D. maculatus larvae was dose and exposure dependent, A. occidentale had the greatest mortality effect while C. colocynthis had the least effect. No significant difference was observed in the performance of K. senegalensis and A. lebbeck seed oils which were significantly higher than that recorded for C. vulgaris. It is concluded that the seed oils of A. lebbeck, A. occidentale, C. colocynthis, C. vulgaris and K. senegalensishave repellent and larvicidal effect on the larvae of D. maculatus
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTERS DEGREE IN FISHERIES.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
MARCH, 2014
Keywords
REPELLENT,, SEED OIL,, FIVE PLANTS,, LARVAE OF DERMESTES MACULATUS,, SMOKE- DRIED AFRICAN CATFISH,, CLARIAS GARIEPINUS