PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CD4+ COUNT AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS WITHIN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CD4+ COUNT AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS WITHIN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2013-02
Authors
NDAKS, COMFORT MAMMAN
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis being an opportunistic infection is becoming more prevalent in HIV
seropositive patients. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium
infection and CD4+ count among HIV seropositive patients within Kaduna metropolis. Stool
specimens were collected from 300 HIV seropositive patients and 30 controls (HIV seronegative
patients) between October 2011 and January 2012, and were examined for oocyst and antigen of
Cryptosporidium by microscopy and ELISA method respectively. Microscopy was used as the
Gold standard and its sensitivity was compared with that of ELISA. Patients’ blood were also
analysed for CD4+ T-cell count by flow cytometry. Prevalence of 15% (45/300) was obtained
using microscopy. Sensitivity of microscopy when compared to ELISA was found to be 24.9%.
For the control, a prevalence of 3.3% was obtained. Association between the infection and sociodemographic
characteristic of patients shows a higher prevalence among those who defecate in
open layouts (50%: 3/6) and those whose source of drinking water was river (50%: 1/2). There
was a significant association between Cryptosporidium infection and diarrhoea (χ2 = 104.669,
df=1, p=0.000) and the duration of diarrhoea (χ2 = 117.073, df=4, p=0.000). There was no
significant difference in relation to occupation, marital status, age, sex, education, animal
contact, overseas travel and swimming (p>0.05). There was a decrease in prevalence with
increase in duration of being on HAART. The study showed a strong association between
Cryptosporidiosis and CD4+T-cell count (χ2 = 58.478, df=10, p=0.000). Mean CD4+ count was
409.86±14.1 while the median was 382.
7
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification - - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vi
Table of content - - - - - - - - - vii
List of tables - - - - - - - - - xi
List of figures - - - - - - - - - xii
Appendixes - - - - - - - - - - 83
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION- - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Statement of problem - - - - - - - - 3
1.2 Justification - - - - - - - - - 4
1.3 Aim - - - - - - - - - - 5
1.4 Specific objectives - - - - - - - - 5
1.5 Research hypothesis - - - - - - - - 6
1.6 Research question - - - - - - - - 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW - - - - - - - 7
2.1.0 Taxonomy of Cryptosporidium - - - - - - 7
Description
A THESIS SUBMITED TO THE
SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
Keywords
PREVALENCE, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION, CORRELATION, CD4+ COUNT AMONG HUMAN, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, VIRUS SEROPOSITIVE, PATIENTS WITHIN, KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA