DETECTION OF Mycobacterium bovis ANTIBODIES USING THE LATERAL-FLOW TECHNIQUE IN SMALL RUMINANTS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
DETECTION OF Mycobacterium bovis ANTIBODIES USING THE LATERAL-FLOW TECHNIQUE IN SMALL RUMINANTS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
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Date
2013-02
Authors
HARUNA, Esther Godiya
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Abstract
The study was designed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis)
antibodies in sheep and goats in slaughter houses and livestock markets, and the risk of infection
and level of awareness of animal handlers/owners to bovine tuberculosis within Kaduna
metropolis. A total of 1010 sera samples from small ruminants, consisting of 498 sheep and 512
goats were collected at random from 4 abattoirs during slaughter and from livestock markets
within the metropolis. The Anigen® Rapid Bovine TB Antibody Test which is specific for M.
bovis was used to determine the presence of bovine tuberculosis antibodies in the serum samples.
Structured questionnaires were distributed to animal handlers/owners after being pilot tested and
adjusted. The results showed that out of the total 1010 sera samples taken, 137 (13.56%). tested
positive to bovine tuberculosis. Species specific prevalence rates of 10.84% (54/498) for sheep
and 16.41% (84/512) for goat were found. There was significant association between detection
of M. bovis antibodies and species sampled, with goats having a significantly higher prevalence
than sheep (P<0.05; χ² = 7.153, P= 0.0075). Females of both species had sero-prevalence of
14.98% (89/594) while males had 11.54% (48/416). The sero-prevalence amongst age groups
was 12%, 15%, 7% and 14% for 1-12months, 13-24months, 25-36months and ≥36months
respectively. There was significance occurrence of reactors to bovine tuberculosis amongst the
age group greater than 24 months (P< 0.05). Sero-prevalence of 13.36% (68/509) and 13.77%
(69/501) for slaughter houses and livestock markets respectively was recorded. Sixty-five
percent of the respondents were aware of the disease tuberculosis (TB), 41.9% were aware of
bovine TB while 39.7% were aware that bovine TB is zoonotic. Level of education was found to
be associated with the degree of awareness of bovine tuberculosis as zoonoses among the
respondents (P = 0.0001). Out of the 72.5% respondents that keep livestock, 55% of them do so
in close proximity with the humans and 52% have a preference for small ruminant as source of
meat. The detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in apparently healthy small ruminants is
of public health significant, considering their close proximity to humans. There is therefore the
need to educate the populace on zoonotic implication of bovine tuberculosis and the relevant
authorities should put in place control measures against the disease.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC
HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA
FEBRUARY, 2013
Keywords
DETECTION, Mycobacterium bovis, ANTIBODIES, LATERAL-FLOW, TECHNIQUE, SMALL RUMINANTS, KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA