ASSESSMENT OF THE PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION IN Borreria stachydea (DC)Hutch and Dalziel, Cassia absus Linn and Aspillia kotschyi (Sch.Bipex,Hochst)oliv

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ASSESSMENT OF THE PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION IN.pdf(2.19 MB)
Date
2018-05
Authors
UMAR, ABDU ADAMU
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Abstract
In this present work, the phytochemical constitution of Borreria stachydea , Cassia absus and Aspillia Kotschyi plants belonging to rubiacea , leguminosae and Compositae families respectively were investigated. The three plants methanolic and petroleum ether extracts were analyzed for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenolic compounds. The study results showed that the petroleum ether extract of the three plants contained glycosides, steroids carbohydrates and alkaloid while the methanolic extracts of the three plants revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and flavonoids, triterpene, and alkaloids. Tannins were also observed to be present in the methanolic extract of Borreria stachydea only. The proximate analysis of the two plant materials Borreria stachydea and Cassia absus (whole) showed moisture content of 8.67 % and 6.67 % and ash content of 8.5 % and 8.0 % in Borreria stachydea and Cassia absus respectively. The crude protein was 8.08 % and 9.81 %, crude fibre 7.11 % and 3.17 %, crude fat 2.15 % and 2.11 %, and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) 65.59 % and 70.36 % in Borreria stachydea and Cassia absus methanolic extracts respectively. The petroleum spirit extracts of Borreria stachydea and Cassia absus showed crude protein of 5.63 % and 4.88 %, crude fibre 0.11 % and 2.65 %, crude fat 3.13 % and 1.94 % and NFE 89.27 % and 88.39 % in the two plants respectively On the other hand Aspilla kotschyi Proximate composition analysis showed moisture content of 5.7%, total ash of 4.03% ,crude protein 10.94%, fibre 9.06%,Fat value 0.83% and Nitrogen free extract of 70.19%. This study also assesses the presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, in the three plants using AAS in the plants extracts average elemental concentrations for Borreria stachydea were 0.4272, 0.42625, 0.0193, 0.0003, 0.1425 and 0.0008 mg/Kg for Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd respectively, while those for Cassia absus were 0.5093, 0.6423, 0.0320, 0.0010, 0.1616 and 0.0028 mg/Kg for Ca, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd respectively. Aspilla kotschyi extract showed the following elemental concentrations Calcium 0.3099, Magnesium 0.1380, Zinc 0.2449,Lead 0.0020,Chromium 0.0018, and Cadmium 0.0026. Other metals ; Se, Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni, As, Co, Mn and Al were determined from both the methanolic and petroleum spirit extracts of the three plants using micro wave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy technique. From the result, Silver, Copper, Nickel and Cobalt are of very negligible concentrations in all the three plants, however Seleniun is found to be 0.780 (mg/kg) in Casssia absus methanolic extract , 0.556 (mg/kg) in Borreria stachydea methanolic extract, and 0.530 (mg/kg) in Aspillia kotschyi methanolic extract. Iron on the other hand was found to be 3.712 (mg/kg), in Aspillia Kotschyi metahanolic extract, while in Borreria stachydea petroleum spirit extract was 3.674 (mg/kg) . Arsenic was found to be 0.506 and 1.301 (mg/kg) in Aspillia Kotschyi extracts, 2.373(mg/kg) and 0.789(mg/kg) in Borreria Stachydea extracts, and in Cassia absus extract was found to be 3.315 (mg/kg). The concentration of Aluminium was found to be of 3.050(mg/kg) in Aspillia extract and 2.99(mg/kg) in Borreria stachydea extract. Sodium and potassium were determined in the three plants extracts using flame photometry. Sodium was found to be 50, 78 and 99 mg/l in Borreria stachydea, Cassia absus and Aspillia kotschyi respectively. The potassium level in the three plants were 870,860 and 895 mg/l respectively. Functional group analysis of the three plants extracts were also carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) after the extract has been purified by column chromatography. The functional groups determined in the three extracts showed that the plant samples contained the following functional groups; O-H Alcohols, phenols , C-H for Alkanes , C=O Unsaturated aldehydes and ketones and C=O Aliphatic amines. The results of this study suggest some merit in the popular use of these plants in herbal medicine as these functional groups are known to have therapeutic effectiveness against wide array of microorganisms
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ASSESSMENT,, PROXIMATE,, PHYTOCHEMICAL,, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION,, Borreria stachydea,, Hutch,, Dalziel,, Cassia absus Linn,, Aspillia kotschyi,, (Sch.Bipex,Hochst),, oliv
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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11162
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