DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIGENIC FUNGI IN POULTRY FEEDS AND AFLATOXIN B1 IN FRESH AND BOILED BROILER LIVERS IN LIVE BIRD MARKETS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIGENIC FUNGI IN POULTRY FEEDS AND AFLATOXIN B1 IN FRESH AND BOILED BROILER LIVERS IN LIVE BIRD MARKETS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
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Date
2017-09
Authors
IBRAHIM, MUHAMMED JIMOH
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Abstract
There is increasing concern for the contamination of poultry products with Aspergillus strains responsible for aflatoxin production. The occurrence of aflatoxigenic fungi in poultry feeds and aflatoxin B1 in fresh and boiled broiler liver samples in live bird markets in Zaria, Nigeria were examined. Feed samples were cultured for fungi on Sabouraud dextrose chloramphenicol agar to detect the presence of Aspergillus species. Aflatoxin production potential was evaluated using Czypeck dox agar. Desiccated coconut agar was used to detect fluorescence of Aspergillus spp and indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was used to determine aflatoxin residue concentrations (μg/kg) in both fresh and boiled (100°C for 90 mins) liver samples. Out of the 300 poultry feed samples tested, 234(77.9%) were contaminated with Aspergillus spp of which 126(53.8%), 48(20.5%), 27(11.5%), 15(6.4%), 9(3.9%), 5(2.1%), 3(1.3%), and 1(0.4%) were identified as A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus, A. niger, A. nidulans, A. terreus, A. nomius, and A. caelatus respectively. On desiccated coconut agar, Aspergillus had isolation frequency of 98(51.9%) with (P < 0.05). Samples from Dan Magaji, had isolation frequency of 28(28.6%), Zaria City 21(21.4%), Samaru 17(17.4%), Sabon Gari, 7(7.1%), Kwangila 14(14.3%) and Tudun wada 11(11.2%). The mean and standard deviation of aflatoxins in freshly tested liver concentration were 41.45 ± 29.55, 66.40 ± 22.28, 9.90 ± 6.50, 10.00 ± 1.74, 29.80 ± 17.16 and 35.25 ± 8.14 μg/kg for Zaria city, Sabon Gari, Kwangila, Samaru, Tudun wada and Dan Magaji respectively. All the liver sample of birds in live bird markets had aflatoxin B1 concentration higher than the maximum limit (4 μg/kg) set by World Health Organization and Standard Organization of Nigeria. Also, there was statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in sample locations. Furthermore, the mean value and standard deviation of boiled liver contents were 8.2 ± 5.0, 1.8 ± 0.7, 0.6 ±
0.3, 29.0 ± 9.5, 5.2 ± 5.1, 4.5 ± 3.3 μg/kg for Samaru, Kwangila, Dan Magaji, Sabon Gari, Zaria City and Tudun wada respectively. The mean value and standard deviation of liver content before and after boiling were 15.98±15.00 and 8.22±10.52 μg/kg respectively. There was no statistical difference in the processed form of liver (P < 0.05). Aflatoxin content, were found in edible tissues both before and after heat treatment. Strict measures should be taken to monitor toxins in feed and chicken meat products.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
DETERMINATION,, AFLATOXIGENIC FUNGI,, POULTRY FEEDS,, AFLATOXIN B1,, FRESH,, BOILED BROILER LIVERS,, LIVE BIRD MARKETS,, ZARIA,, NIGERIA