STUDIES ON THE HYPOGLYCAEMIC PROPERTIES OF THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF TACAZZEA APICULATA (OLIV.) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

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Date
2016-03
Authors
UMAR, Ohunene Fatimah
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Abstract
An investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Tacazzeaapiculata on alloxan-induced diabetic rats was conducted. The dried leaves of Tacazzeaapiculata was extracted with 70% methanol. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally as a single dose of 150mg/kg b.w. for diabetes induction in the rats. Glibenclamide was used as a standard anti diabetic drug. The effect of the orally administered extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight) and Glibenclamide (standard drug) (5mg/kg b.w.) on blood glucose level, body weight, kidney and lipid profile were examined in the diabetic rats. The extract and the standard drug Glibenclamide were orally administered daily for 28 days to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The fasting blood glucose levels were determined at intervals of one week. At the end of the 28 days, blood samples were collected from all groups and assayed spectrophotometrically for serum concentrations of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TRIGS), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), urea and creatinine. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and triterpenes in the leaves of Tacazzeaapiculata. The toxicity study of the extract showed its safety level up to 5000mg/kg b.w., implying that it is safe to apply to humans. The study showed a significant reduction (p<0.01) in the fasting blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with 100, 200 and 400mg/kg b.w. of the extract for 4 weeks post treatment with a maximum reduction recorded in the groups treated with 100mg/kgb.w. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum levels of TC, TRIGS, LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C in treated diabetic rats¸ with a higher reduction observed in the groups treated with extract 100mg/kg b.w. for TC, TRIGS,LDL-C. Marked improvement in HDL-C was observed with 100mg/kg b.w. dose of the extract. At the end of the 4 weeks treatment, extract and Glibenclamide significantly prevented the rise in blood urea and serum creatinine levels as compared to the controls. It was concluded that the plant extract was capable of ameliorating hyperglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and could be a potential source of new orally active agent for anti-diabetic therapy.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BOTANY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA
Keywords
STUDIES,, HYPOGLYCAEMIC PROPERTIES,, METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT,, TACAZZEA APICULATA,, (OLIV.),, ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS,
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