STUDIES ON THE HYPOGLYCAEMIC PROPERTIES OF THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF TACAZZEA APICULATA (OLIV.) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
STUDIES ON THE HYPOGLYCAEMIC PROPERTIES OF THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF TACAZZEA APICULATA (OLIV.) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
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Date
2016-03
Authors
UMAR, Ohunene Fatimah
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Abstract
An investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of the methanolic leaf extract of
Tacazzeaapiculata on alloxan-induced diabetic rats was conducted. The dried leaves of
Tacazzeaapiculata was extracted with 70% methanol. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally as a
single dose of 150mg/kg b.w. for diabetes induction in the rats. Glibenclamide was used as a
standard anti diabetic drug. The effect of the orally administered extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg
body weight) and Glibenclamide (standard drug) (5mg/kg b.w.) on blood glucose level, body
weight, kidney and lipid profile were examined in the diabetic rats. The extract and the standard
drug Glibenclamide were orally administered daily for 28 days to alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
The fasting blood glucose levels were determined at intervals of one week. At the end of the 28
days, blood samples were collected from all groups and assayed spectrophotometrically for
serum concentrations of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TRIGS), High Density
Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), urea and
creatinine. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins,
tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and triterpenes in the leaves of Tacazzeaapiculata. The toxicity
study of the extract showed its safety level up to 5000mg/kg b.w., implying that it is safe to
apply to humans. The study showed a significant reduction (p<0.01) in the fasting blood sugar
levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with 100, 200 and 400mg/kg b.w. of the extract for
4 weeks post treatment with a maximum reduction recorded in the groups treated with
100mg/kgb.w. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum levels of TC, TRIGS,
LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C in treated diabetic rats¸ with a higher reduction observed in
the groups treated with extract 100mg/kg b.w. for TC, TRIGS,LDL-C. Marked improvement in
HDL-C was observed with 100mg/kg b.w. dose of the extract. At the end of the 4 weeks
treatment, extract and Glibenclamide significantly prevented the rise in blood urea and serum
creatinine levels as compared to the controls. It was concluded that the plant extract was capable
of ameliorating hyperglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and could be a potential source
of new orally active agent for anti-diabetic therapy.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BOTANY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA
Keywords
STUDIES,, HYPOGLYCAEMIC PROPERTIES,, METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT,, TACAZZEA APICULATA,, (OLIV.),, ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS,