SEROPREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS CO-INFECTION WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING CLINICS IN ZARIA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
SEROPREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS CO-INFECTION WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING CLINICS IN ZARIA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
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Date
2014-06
Authors
SHANGO JOSHUA, ANZAKU
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Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis also known as the “Silent Epidemic” is a major threat to the reproductive
health of women and a possible silent cofactor in the heterosexual spread of HIV in Africa. This
study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection with
Human Immunodeficiency Virus among women attending clinics in Zaria metropolis, Kaduna
State. Each participant completed a researcher-devised questionnaire and quasi design was used
in the selection of hospitals. Subsequently about 5mls of peripheral blood for serological analysis
was obtained after informed consent. Presence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was
determined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgG and screening
for HIV was also done using Determine® HIV 1/2 as well as Uni-GoldTM HIV Test Kits. Out of
the two hundred and seventy (270) samples collected, 32(11.9%) were positive for Chlamydia
trachomatis IgG, 7(2.6%) for HIV and co-infection of Chlamydia trachomatis and HIV occurred
in 1(0.4%) of the total population. Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence was found to increase with
decrease in age with 11.5% in age groups 15-20 among pregnant women while in non-pregnant
women, it was highest in <15 years 100.0%. Chlamydial infection was found to be significantly
associated with level of education, marital status, number of years in marriage with those who
have stayed in marriage for 26–30 years having the highest prevalence 50.0% among the women.
Women in their third trimester of pregnancy had the highest prevalence 15.7% of chlamydial
infection and it was found to be statistically significantly. There was no significant association
between chlamydial infection and occupation, subjects’ husbands’ occupation, family type,
number of sexual partners, age of women at first childbirth and also based on clinical symptoms.
Similarly with HIV infection, significant association was found to exist with marital status and
years spent in marriage among the women. Age, occupation, level of education, family type was
not found to be significantly associated with HIV infection. No significant association also exist
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between HIV infection and number of sexual partners as well as age of women at first childbirth.
So also, history of stillbirth, history of premature birth, history of miscarriage and history of
infertility showed no significant association with HIV infection among the women. Hence, there
is an urgent need for a national policy on routine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis as
treatment is cheap and effective, while the attendant morbidity resulting from delayed diagnosis
is more difficult to manage and associated with severe sequelae.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMEMTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTERS DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO
UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
JUNE, 2014.
Keywords
SEROPREVALENCE,, CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS,, CO-INFECTION,, HUMAN,, IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS,, WOMEN,, ATTENDING CLINICS,, ZARIA,, METROPOLIS,, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.