The Application of Animation to Medical Illustration to elaborate Instruction
The Application of Animation to Medical Illustration to elaborate Instruction
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Date
1968-07
Authors
Ibiyo, Titus Olaniyi
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or
not animated illustrations make a significant difference
on learning if employed to teach learning concepts which
exhibit moving objects and the analysis of motion; compared
to other alternative static illustration materials. Chapter
one represents an overview of the historical background of
the role of art in the medical sciences; how detailed
anatomical drawings and paintings of the early artists
during the renaissance period influenced the contemporary
scientists to give serious attention to the study of human
anatomy. Several professional misconceptions held by the
early medical practitioners were corrected and the application
of the sum total of anatomical knowledge to surgery and
medicine brought great improvements to medical practice.
The researcher hypothetically postulates that many
unresolved mysteries in physiology are as a result of the
use of unconventional instructional media to teach physiological
concepts. The primary objective of the study
therefore is to employ animated video instruction which
incorporates the attributes of movement and motion analysis
to teach 'the Heart and Human Circulatory System1 under controlled
conditions and compare it to other alternative
static audio visual instructional channels.
The review of related literature critically examines
media instructional technology concepts from two
perspectives:
1. The physical science (media) concept which concerns
the application of physical science and engineering
technology such as motion picture projectors, audio-tape
recorders etc. for group presentation of instructional
materials and
2. The behavioural science concept of instructional
technology which states that educational practice
should be more dependent on the methods of science
as developed by behavioural scientists in the areas
of psychology, anthropology and sociology.
The researcher discusses the inherent instructional
attributes of motion pictures and concludes that increased
learning results can be achieved if instructional media are
matched with learning tasks on the basis of shared characteristics.
The development of instructional media research
studies from 1918 to date was critically reviewed and
concluded with an overview of the state of media comparison
studies. Anoverview which points out not only what have
been studied and how adequate the investigations have been
but which takes note of gaps and areas of research inactivity;
and how it has become necessary to propose this study which
will adequately take care of the past research gaps.
The experimental research approach characterized
primarily by control, manipulation and randomization is
applied to find a solution to the statement of research
problem. The research population consists of medical and
para-medical students in post secondary institutions in
Nigeria. The accessible population which is representative
of the target population consists of first year students of
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos and School of
Nursing Jos University Teaching Hospital.
The learning task is presented to five study groups
through five channels of instruction: animated, video
instruction, live teacher plus chart illustrations, live
teacher plus slide illustrations, live- teacher plus 3 - D
models and placebo group. Twenty objective questions which
measure subjects' levels of comprehension and retention of
facts are set to determine the instructional effectiveness
of each of the five treatment variables. The relative effectiveness
of each of the instructional media attributes is seen by
comparing the gains made by a group that receives a different
treatment with the gains made by another group that receives
a different treatment.
The research findings and data analysis in chapter four
support the research hypothesis that animated video instruction
which incorporates motion analysis and change dynamics will
produce greater learning achievements than alternative statio
illustration materials for elaborating learning tasks that
Involve movement and the analysis of motion; and also previous
postulations by media researchers that the media attributes
of an instructional channel found to be congruent with the
characteristics of a given learning task is nost suited for
effective and efficient communication of the learning task.
Chapter five summarizes the formulation of the subject
matter, the experimental procedures and research findings.
The researcher recommends that more experimental video or
film instructions need be developed to validate further, the
findings of this study.
Description
A thesis, submitted to the Post-graduate School, Ahmadu
Ballo University Zaria, in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Master of
Arts in Industrial Design.
In the Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of
Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
*
July, 1968
Keywords
Application,, Animation,, Medical,, Illustration,, elaborate Instruction