ANTIANAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS OF GNETUMAFRICANUMLEAVES ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANAEMIC AND NORMAL ALBINO RATS

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dc.contributor.authorTEMBENG, ANDOGMA BINDA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-27T09:30:04Z
dc.date.available2015-11-27T09:30:04Z
dc.date.issued2014-07
dc.descriptionANTIANAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS OF GNETUMAFRICANUMLEAVES ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANAEMIC AND NORMAL ALBINO RATS BY ANDONGMA, BINDA TEMBENG, B.Sc. (UNIVERSITY OF BUEA) 2010 (M.Sc/Scien/6368/2011-2012) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA NIGERIA. JULY, 2014en_US
dc.description.abstractAntianaemic and antioxidant effects of extracts (aqueous, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and 70% acetone) of Gnetumafricanum leaves on phenlyhydrazine (phz)-induced anaemicand normal albino rats were investigated. Phytochemical quantification (mg/g) carried out on the dry leave samples revealed Glycosides (0.97±0.07) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than Saponins (0.71 ± 0.03), Alkaloids (0.54 ± 0.07), Flavonoids (0.1 ± 0.01) and Tannins (0.03 ± 0.01). Total polyphenol content in mg gallic acid/g of dry sample was significantly (P<0.05) higher in aqueous (0.45 ± 0.06) and ethanol (0.38 ± 0.07) extracts than in methanol (0.17 ± 0.03) and acetone (0.26 ± 0.04) extracts. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity indicates that aqueous extract had the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50) (mg/ml) of 0.355 followed by ethanol (0.357), acetone (0.565) and methanol extract (0.571). Preliminary investigation carried out to determine the extract with most potent haematopoietic potential by administration of all extracts at 200mg/Kg body weight to (phz)-induced anaemic rats for 7 days revealed methanol extract as the most potent extract for increasing the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) by 28%. Induction of anaemia significantly (P<0.05) decreased PCV, Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and White Blood Cell count (WBC) of anaemic not treated rats compared to normal control rats with the exception of Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) where no significant (P>0.05) change was recorded. In the groups treated with methanol extract at the doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/Kg, WBC was significantly (P<0.05) increased while there was significant (P<0.05) reduction in the RBC, PCV and Hb with no significant (P>0.05) difference in MCV, MCH and MCHC of the anaemic rats treated with 50, 100Antianaemic and antioxidant effects of extracts (aqueous, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and 70% acetone) of Gnetumafricanum leaves on phenlyhydrazine (phz)-induced anaemicand normal albino rats were investigated. Phytochemical quantification (mg/g) carried out on the dry leave samples revealed Glycosides (0.97±0.07) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than Saponins (0.71 ± 0.03), Alkaloids (0.54 ± 0.07), Flavonoids (0.1 ± 0.01) and Tannins (0.03 ± 0.01). Total polyphenol content in mg gallic acid/g of dry sample was significantly (P<0.05) higher in aqueous (0.45 ± 0.06) and ethanol (0.38 ± 0.07) extracts than in methanol (0.17 ± 0.03) and acetone (0.26 ± 0.04) extracts. 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity indicates that aqueous extract had the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50) (mg/ml) of 0.355 followed by ethanol (0.357), acetone (0.565) and methanol extract (0.571). Preliminary investigation carried out to determine the extract with most potent haematopoietic potential by administration of all extracts at 200mg/Kg body weight to (phz)-induced anaemic rats for 7 days revealed methanol extract as the most potent extract for increasing the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) by 28%. Induction of anaemia significantly (P<0.05) decreased PCV, Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and White Blood Cell count (WBC) of anaemic not treated rats compared to normal control rats with the exception of Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) where no significant (P>0.05) change was recorded. In the groups treated with methanol extract at the doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/Kg, WBC was significantly (P<0.05) increased while there was significant (P<0.05) reduction in the RBC, PCV and Hb with no significant (P>0.05) difference in MCV, MCH and MCHC of the anaemic rats treated with 50, 100mg/Kg of extract and Vitamin B12 when compared to the normal control group. However, the anaemic rats treated with 200mg/Kg recorded no significant (P>0.05) difference in RBC, PCV and Hb when compared with normal control group. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in all assayed haematological parameters in normal animals receiving extract compared to normal control group. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) of liver and kidney between the normal control group, anaemic groups receiving extracts and anaemic not treated groups. CAT recorded a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the kidneys of anaemic group treated with Vit B12. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the level of ALT in the anaemic not treated and a significant (P<0.05) increase in ALP in treated groups compared to normal control. A significant (P<0.05) increase in total and Indirect bilirubin and significant (P<0.05) decrease in direct bilirubin were recorded in anaemic treated group compared to normal control. A significant (P<0.05) increase was recorded in albumin of normal treated animals compared to the normal control group. Evaluation of effect of extract on relative organ weights demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) increase in the relative liver and kidney weight of anaemic treated, compared with the normal control group. These results illustrate that the extracts of Gnetumafricanum leaves possess haematopoietic and antioxidant properties. A dose of 200mg/Kg of methanol extract has antianaemic potentials.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7208
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectANTIANEMIACen_US
dc.subjectANTIOXIDANTen_US
dc.subjectGNEHIMAFRICANUMLEAVESen_US
dc.subjectPHENYLHYDRAZINEen_US
dc.titleANTIANAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS OF GNETUMAFRICANUMLEAVES ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANAEMIC AND NORMAL ALBINO RATSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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