VACCINATION AND COMPARISON OF THE POTENCY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINE STRAINS I2 AND LA SOTA IN RURAL CHICKENS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
VACCINATION AND COMPARISON OF THE POTENCY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINE STRAINS I2 AND LA SOTA IN RURAL CHICKENS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
| dc.contributor.author | MUSA, USMAN | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2014-06-03T09:17:59Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2014-06-03T09:17:59Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2009-02 | |
| dc.description | A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN VETERINARY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SURGERY AND MEDICINE FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA NIGERIA FEBRUARY, 2009 | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Newcastle Disease (ND) has been recognized for a long time as one of the major production constraints to rural poultry. Management systems, thermoliability, maladministration of vaccines and lack of extension services have been suggested as possible causes of outbreaks, spread and maintainance of ND. A study on management systems in rural household chickens in Plateau State was, therefore, conducted in 32 rural households of four Local Government Areas (LGAs) involving 1,240 households using a structured questionnaire. Also studied was ND antibodies and field vaccination with ND vaccine strain I2 (NDVI2) on 1,208 chickens raised under traditional management system. Thermostability of NDVI2, vaccination trial and comparative immunogenicity tests using NDVI2 and La Sota administered via different routes and vaccine carriers were investigated. The cost benefit of ND control using NDVI2 via intraocular (i/o) route was estimated. The ND antibodies in rural and commercial chickens were evaluated using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests and the vaccines were titrated using embryonated chicken eggs. Diseases were the main (83.2%) causes of losses of rural chickens followed by preying (8.85%) and herbs were main remedies used for managing ND. Out of 1,208 sera tested, 627 (51.9%) had detectable antibodies to ND virus, but only 170 (14.1%) of the chickens had a protective HI antibody titre of ≥ 4 Log2. About 1,041 (86.2%) of the chickens sampled were at risk of suffering from clinical ND. In the field, NDVI2 administered by i/o route gave higher geometric mean titre (GMT) of 8.3 + 1.6 Log2 and 92% protection rate than when administered through drinking water (dw) with GMT of 3.4 + 0.6 Log2, yielding a 46% antibody protection rate. Reconstituted and lyophilized NDVI2 vaccines maintained a minimum infective dose of 6.8 Log10 and 8.4 Log10 for 3 and 35 days, respectively from an initial titre of 10.2 Log10. Reconstituted NDVI2 lost 3.4 Log10 titre after exposure at room temperature (RT) for 3 days. Lyophilized NDVI2 lost only 1.8 Log10 titre after exposure at RT for 35 days. NDVI2 or ND La Sota vaccines administered through commercial feed, parboiled sorghum, parboiled sorghum coated with gum Arabic and untreated sorghum gave little protection (0 to 22%) to birds when challenged with velogenic viscerotropic ND virus. The financial losses due to ND outbreak in unvaccinated flocks in terms of the value of birds and eggs amounted to ₦1,250,505.9 and losses avoided following vaccination were ₦10,296,264. The benefit cost ratio arising from adopting NDVI2 via i/o route for the control of ND in rural chickens is 7.2. It was concluded that the prevalence and risk of ND in rural chicken are very high. The NDVI2 or NDV La Sota vaccines can protect commercial and rural chickens vaccinated through i/o, im or dw routes, while feeds were not suitable as vaccine carriers. In the field, ND vaccination with NDVI2 via dw route may not be appropriate but the benefits derived in the use of NDVI2 via i/o route were greater than the cost of the ND outbreak in unvaccinated flocks. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4812 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.subject | VACCINATION, | en_US |
| dc.subject | COMPARISON, | en_US |
| dc.subject | POTENCY, | en_US |
| dc.subject | NEWCASTLE, | en_US |
| dc.subject | DISEASE VACCINE STRAINS, | en_US |
| dc.subject | PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA | en_US |
| dc.title | VACCINATION AND COMPARISON OF THE POTENCY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINE STRAINS I2 AND LA SOTA IN RURAL CHICKENS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |