ASSESSMENT OF AFLATOXIN M1 AMONG LACTATING MOTHERS AND THEIR INFANTS IN DAMATURU YOBE STATE NIGERIA
ASSESSMENT OF AFLATOXIN M1 AMONG LACTATING MOTHERS AND THEIR INFANTS IN DAMATURU YOBE STATE NIGERIA
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Date
2018-06
Authors
ALEGBE, Sunday David
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Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 is a biomarker of aflatoxin B1 which is detected in breast milk, a possible risk factor for infant early exposure to Aflatoxin. Aflatoxin M1(AFM1) is a measure of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure among lactating mothers.Qualitative and quantitative analyses of breast milk samples were carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Also structured questionnaire was used to determined socio demographic factors of lactating mothers and the type of food they consumed after 72hrs. Samples collected at General Sani Abacha Specialist Hospital Damaturu Yobe State Nigeria showed the occurrence of AFM1 among 100 tested lactating mothers breast milk, 82% of the breast milk samples contained Aflatoxin M1. The occurrence of 93% of AFM1 excreted in their urine shows exposure to the toxin for a short time period. The study showed that male infants had higher percentage of 78.1% exposure and saliva secretion of 81.3% due to male may probable tend to consume more volumes of breast milk than the female.Structured questionnaire was used along side with analytical analysis to determine urinary excretion of AFM1 among lactating mothers and it showed that unemployed mothers had 100% exposure compared to the employed mothers (46.1%) with statistically significant difference. Informal education and primary school leavers had highest exposure of 100% AFM1;the educational qualification of lactating mothers is significantly associated with secretion of AFM1 in breast milk, the highest was informal education AFM1 excreted in urine of lactating mothers within 72hrs of food consumption, showed 97.1% of mothers that took milk were exposed, meat: 100% were exposed, corn meal: 93.4% exposed, also, date: 93%, ‗Brabisko/Biski‘: 30.6%, imported
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rice :77.7%, native rice: 93.4% occurrence taken( p< 0.05) . In relation to some selected socio-demographic factors, the highest exposure concentration occurred among the unemployed and age bracket 18-25 and 34-41 with 0.07μg/L. In the case of excretion in urine, 0.05μg/L AFM1 was detected among unemployed study participants with lower concentration among the age of 42 and above having 0.04 μg/L.The 100 tested infants showed that 63% secreted AFM1 in their saliva and 68% excreted AFM1 in their urine. The concentration of AFM1 in infants indicated short time exposure to Aflatoxin. The value of 0.08 μg/L wasthe highest concentration obtained among 5-6 months of age. Urine samples were also observed among 5-6 months to be 0.07 μg/l and infants ≤ 2 months had 0.04 μg/l in their urine samples. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between secretions of AFM1 in the breast milk of lactating mothers and the secretions of AFM1 in the saliva of their infants(r=1.475, p=0.039). The concentrations of AFM1 in all the breast milk samples were higher than the acceptable tolerance level of 0.05 μg/L for infant fresh milk as recommended by the Codex Alimentarius.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ASSESSMENT,, AFLATOXIN M1,, LACTATING MOTHERS,, INFANTS,, DAMATURU,, YOBE STATE,, NIGERIA