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- ItemDispersion and Safety Effects of Refinery Flare System Carbon Monoxide Emission.(Journal for Institute of Polymer Engineers (JIPE) A Publication of Institute of Polymer Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers), 2022)Gas flaring is one of the most challenging energy and environmental problems facing the world today. Environmental Consequences associated with gas flaring have considerable impacts on local populations, often resulting in severe health issues. The study examined the effects of carbon monoxide emissions on the nearby neighborhood. ALOHA software (5.4.7) was used to simulate the loss of carbon monoxide containment, dispersion characteristics and the potential consequences. Gaussian models were employed to describe dispersion characteristics. It was found that, during emergency operations, the carbon monoxide discharge rate typically falls in the range 1335 - 4332 kg/hr. Although the health impact is within WHO, EPA, and NAAQS criteria, the study's findings on the discharge's health implications indicate that even at the highest release rate, a carbon monoxide concentration of 50 ppm is unlikely to be attained. Long- term exposure to carbon monoxide levels of 9.0 – 25 ppm might result in headaches, fatigue, and weakness. Carbon monoxide inhalation can exacerbate heart and/or respiratory problems in those who already have them. Government should address the issue of encroachment surrounding its infrastructure, according to the recommendation
- ItemSORPTION POTENTIALS OF GROUNDNUT HUSK PARTICLES FOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP(Journal for Institute of Polymer Engineers (JIPE) A Publication of Institute of Polymer Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers), 2023)In this study, groundnut husk particles were used to remove Escravos crude oil from seawater surface in order to assess their sorption potentials. The investigations were carried out using five different particle size ranges (4000-1000, 1000-500, 500-105, 105-53 and <53 μm) of the husk on three different oil layer thicknesses (3, 4.5 and 6 mm) over water. The particles sorbed crude oil to different degrees and at different rates but no uptake of water by the husk particles were observed. The initial sorption rates of the sorbent in the first ten minutes were the highest with the three oil layer thicknesses investigated. The maximum oil sorption capacity recorded was 9.8442g oil/g sorbent at forty minutes by particle C (500-105 μm) with 3 mm oil layer. This sorption performance compares fairly well with extant literature results for a commercial sorbent and other raw lignocellulosic plant wastes such as corn husk and kapok. The fairly good oil sorption results recorded by the particles, with no water sorption, under a dynamic experimental condition used in this work is indicative of good oleophilic property and potentials as a biosorbent. The empirical oil sorption kinetic model of raw groundnut husk particles was of inverse (decaying) exponential form which indicates a diffusion sorption mechanism.
- ItemPerformance of Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Drag Reduction on Inclined Pipes for Produced Water in Flow System(Journal of Institute of Polymer Engineers (JIPE) A Publication of Institute of Polymer Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers), 2022)The major challenge in petroleum and gas industries is high energy demand. The performance of natural (okra) and synthetic polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymers for drag reduction on inclined pipes for produce water in flow system was studied using experimental flow facility of unplasticize polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes of 12 and 20 mm internal diameter (ID). The concentrations of 5 – 50 ppm for synthetic and 100 – 500 ppm for the natural polymers at 0.5 – 2.0% oil fraction (α) were investigated using Reynolds number (Re) of 81,425. Bonny light crude oil (density ρo= 862 kg/m3, at 30oC dynamic viscosity μo= 4.5 x 10-3Ns/m2at 30oC) and water (density ρw = 1000 kg/m3, dynamic viscosity μw= 0.91 Ns/m2 at 25oC) used as test fluids. The Δp measured with the use of U-tube manometer for different pipes inclination (+2o, -2o, and -5o).Maximum drag reduction (DR) of 68% PEO at total concentration (tc) of 30 ppm for +2oinclination in 12 mm ID was higher than the value obtained in 20 mm ID at same Re and α of 37,773 and 0.005 respectively. Oil concentrations increases from 0.005 to 2 in the produced water with decreased in % DR. Okra, showed 58% DR lower at 300 ppm tc for same condition of PEO. However, results for -2o and -5o inclinations for PEO slightly varied by 64% and 55% at same Re and α respectively. Lower magnitude of 48% and 32% DR was recorded for okra mucilage. This result showed that inclinations and pipe diameter affect DR on produced water irrespective of the polymer type.
- ItemStudy of the Mechanıcal Propertıes and Water Absorptıon of Mıcro-Sısal Fıbre Reınforced Waste Low-Densıty Polyethylene Composıte(Journal for Institute of Polymer Engineers (JIPE) A Publication of Institute of Polymer Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers), 2022-07)This study investigated some mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of treated and untreated micro sisal fibre waste low-density polyethylene (wLDPE) composite. The fibres were treated with sodium hydroxide and benzoyl chloride solution to improve fibre-matrix bonding. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyzed the effects of various treatments. The composite was produced by compression moulding technique using weight fractions 0 – 15 wt% at 5 wt% intervals of fibre in the matrix. The composite samples were characterized for tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption properties as well as morphology. The results revealed that micro sisal particles improved the composite’s tensile strength. Fibre loading of 10 wt% gave the composite's best flexural and impact strengths corresponding to 29 MPa and 4.55mJ/mm2 respectively while 15 wt% gave the best tensile strength of 12.43 MPa. Generally, fibre treated with 50 ml benzoyl chloride gave better impact and flexural strengths compared to those treated with NaOH. However, fibres treated with NaOH showed improved tensile strength at all fibre loading in this study. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revealed a uniform distribution of micro-sisal fibre in the matrix. Hence, can be used for interior applications such as car seats, dashboards, and car interiors for decorative purposes or other interior parts of an automobile where high strength is not considered a critical requirement.
- ItemInvestigation on Properties of Waste Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) from Different Refrigerator Brands(Journal for Institute of Polymer Engineers (JIPE) A Publication of Institute of Polymer Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers), 2022-08)This work investigated different brands of waste refrigerators properties in terms of the recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) using solvent recycling technique at room temperature. The preliminary analysis showed that, tetrahydrofuran (THF) was the most suitable solvent among others, because it has solubility parameter of 9.79 cal/cm3, which was closest to the solubility parameter of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) of 9.4 cal/cm3. The FTIR analysis indicated presence of ABS in recycled materials from all the refrigerator brands. However, the recycled ABS from Matsui fridge was found to have mechanical properties closest of the virgin acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene whose tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength were 31.66, 1021 and 60.18 MPa respectively, as compared to the virgin ABS with 48.3, 1312 and 65.75 MPa respectively. It is concluded based on the investigation that, the recycled ABS from Matsui fridge model has the best mechanical properties when compared to the others, as it values are closer to that of virgin ABS.