Theses and Dissertations

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1 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WATERMELON (Citrillus lanatus) PRODUCTION IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA
(2014-10) Adeniyi ALFA-NLA, Muhammad Babatunde
This study estimated the costs and returns, the input-output technical relationship, as well as constraints associated with watermelon production in some selected Local Government Areas of Kano State of Nigeria. Field survey was conducted in four local government areas (Bunkure, Kura, Wudil and Bichi) where structured questionnaires were administered to 200 respondents to generate the data used. The data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that, the average net farm income per hectare for watermelon was N25,422.98k and the average rate of return was 1.46 showing that, watermelon production is profitable in the study area. The inputs of farm size, seed, fertilizers and agrochemicals were positive and significant at 1% level of probability, while labour was negative and not significant. The socio-economic variables of age, education, years of farming experience and credit were significant at 5% level of probability. The major constraints to watermelon production were lack of improved seeds, activity of middlemen, lack of credit facilities and high cost of inputs.
2-D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING AROUND THE COLLAPSED BUILDINGS OF THE HOUSING ESTATE AT BARNAWA-NARAYI JUNCTION, KADUNA, KADUNA STATE
(2014-11) AGBO, Comfort
Resistivity method is frequently used in environmental studies. Electrical resistivity imaging survey has been carried out at the housing estate located at Barnawa-Narayi junction in Kaduna, Kaduna State in order to investigate the subsurface geological structureswhich includethe possible presence of faults, fractures, voids and clay that may pose danger to the structures that have been constructed,depth to bedrock and thickness of weathered basement (aquiferous zone). A modern and state-of-the-art field instrument, the ABEM Automatic LUND Imaging System (Terrameter SAS 1000 and ES 464) employing the Schlumberger array, was used to accomplish this task by obtaining two-dimensional resistivity data sets along seven profiles within the survey area. The acquired data were processed and interpreted using RES2DINV software to produce the two-dimensional image of the study area. The subsurface images showed that the resistivity range lies between 1 to about 1178Ωm, indicating variation in soil matrix, grain size distribution and water saturation. The near surface materials from 0 to a depth of about 2.7m constitute the top soil with relatively high resistivity values ranging from 49Ωm to 180Ωm were obtained. The decrease in resistivity ranging from 4Ωm to 98Ωm with thicknessof about 10.0m below the top soil indicates saturated soil.The fractured/partially weathered zone has resistivity ranging from49Ωm to 533Ωm with thickness between 5.0m and 17.2m. Beyond the fractured/partially weathered basement is the fresh basement with resistivity value ranging from 429Ωm to 1178Ωm with variable depth to it.This depth in profiles 2 and 4 is 17.2m and in profile 6 it is 14.8m. The basement was not reached in profiles 1,3, and 5. Itappears in form of an intrusion in profile 7 at a depth of about 6.9m.The images suggest the presence of building constraints such as fractures/zones of weakness that may constitute problems to the building foundations.However, the images have not suggested the presence of clay formations.The zones of weakness/fractures discovered within the area of study have resistivity values ranging between 49Ωm and 109Ωm which could also have led to the collapse of the buildings. The subsurface within the area of study is characterized by sharp variations in the basement relief/topography which probably led to the collapse of the buildings.
2-D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY INVESTIGATION OF SOLID WASTE DUMPSITE AT GONIN-GORA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
(2014-05) MIKE, ASUERIMEN
Leachate effluence from refuse dumpsite is an important source of soil and groundwater pollution. Consequently, assessing the impact of Leachate is an active area of soil and groundwater research. 2-D Electrical Resistivity imaging survey was carried out at a dumpsite in Gonin-Gora area of Kaduna State, with the aim of determining how accurately electrical measurements could delineate the influx of leachate into soil and groundwater. A modern and state-of-the-art field instrument, the ABEM Automatic LUND Imaging System (Terrameter SAS 1000 and ES 464), produced by ABEM instrument AB, wasused to accomplish this task. This uses multi-core cables with takeouts at 2m intervals, having a total of 42 electrodes covering a spread of 200m. Six profiles were covered and the data were processed to display the variations of electrical resistivities using the RES2DINV software. Four of the profiles were inside the dumpsite while two profiles were outside the dumpsite.Also, one Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was conducted inside the dumpsite with thesame ABEM TerrameterSAS 1000,and was interpreted using computer software (IPI2win) which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity data.The results of this survey in correlation with a Borehole log of the area revealed three layers: The topsoil, which consists ofreddish brown lateritic and sandy clay, has resistivity values between 8Ωm and 850Ωm and its thicknessvaries between 0.01 m to 7.00 m. The second layer is the weathered basement, and has resistivity values between 150Ωm and 940Ωm. Its thickness ranges between 2.00 m to 16.00 m. The resistivity of the fresh crystalline basement which forms the third layer ranges between 820Ωm to 4000Ωm. The 2D Inversion delineated contamination plumes as low resistivity zones with resistivity values ranging between 1Ωm and 27Ωm, from the ground surface to vii varying depths of 0-3 m in profile 1 and profile 4, believed to be leachate derived from decomposed waste of higher concentrations, while profile 2,profile 3 and profile 6 delineated contamination plumes withresistivity zones ranging between 100Ωm to 200Ωm, from the ground surface to varying depths, believed to be leachate from decomposed wasteof lower concentrations.There was no evidence of topsoil or groundwater contamination as revealed by the inversion model in profile 5.The VES data revealed that the area has a shallow aquifer of about 4m, indicating that the topsoil as shown in all the profiles except profile 5, and the groundwater in profiles 3 and profile 6 are contaminated.A comparison ofthe measured apparent resistivity pseudosection and the calculated apparent resistivitypseudosection resulted in a reasonably good agreement with the inverse model resistivity section. The study area has a shallow depth to Basement of 1.30m and a depth to water table of about 4m.The inverse model revealed weak zones which could be interpreted as fractures, which aid in the migration of the leachate as shown in profile 3 and profile 6.
2-WAY DOUBLE LAYER SPACE GRID AS ROOF STRUCTURES
(1984-07) ABDULLAHI, OYI
2D RESISTIVITY INVESTIGATION OF CASSITERITE (TIN ORE) BEARING LAYER AT PINGEL VILLAGE, MAGAMA GUMAU, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
(2021-05) BASHIR, Ogirma Yususf
Two dimensional geoelectric resistivity survey was conducted at the mining site in Pingel village, MagamaGumau, Bauchi state, Nigeria. The survey was undertaken to characterize the cassiterite bearing layer in the area. A test profile was conducted along a point with an exposed subsurface that reveals different layers of the earth, including that rich in cassiterite, to detect the best configuration to be used. Based on the result obtained from the test profile, the Schlumberger array proved to be a better representation of the layering of the study area. A total of five profiles were then taken and the result of the 2D resistivity survey revealed the occurrence of three to four layers in the geoelectric models. The top layer consists of earth materials with resistivity values mostly less than 120 Ωm, inferred to consist of mainly clayey sand and laterite with an approximate thickness of 4.5 m. The second layer has resistivity range of 60 Ωm to 250 Ωm and may consist of weathered and fracture rocks with cassiterite composition at approximately 7.0 m depth. The third layer is composed of highly resistive materials, generally greater than 800 Ωm, at a depth stretching beyond 7 m. The high resistivity values could be associated with the fresh basement.
3-D READJUSTMENT OF PARTS OF THE NIGERIAN PRIMARY TRIANGULATION NETWORK WITH GNSS DATA
(2019-06) NWEZE, Olivia Chidimma
Current development has shown many countries improving and strengthening their national control networks using modern space geodetic system. This study carried out 3D readjustment of part of the Nigerian Primary Triangulation Network using GNSS data obtained from Office of the Surveyor General of the Federation (OSGoF). First, the geometric analysis of the existing Nigerian Primary Network were evaluated using Triangle Inequality theorem and on how well the triangles in the network are conditioned. The result revealed that the network fulfilled the condition of the theorem however, when subjected to how well-conditioned the triangles were within the network, it was discovered that 56% of the triangles met the requirement while 44% did not meet the geometric conditionality. Different processing strategies are capable of giving different coordinate solutions for same point. Using fifty-two (52) GNSS station observational campaigns carried out within the period of October, 2010 – April, 2011, the study performed comparative evaluation of three different GNSS post-processing strategies with respect to points of reference originally processed with BERNESSE software from OSGoF. These processing strategies include; reducing observational campaign observed from pairs of stations (baselines) and combining these baselines into a network (Approach 1), taking GPS observations observed simultaneously at all stations directly into a network adjustment where all the coordinates of the network are presents as unknowns (Approach 2) and lastly, processing the observations using Precise point Positioning techniques (Approach 3). Due to the dissimilar nature of positioning, Trimble Total Control software was used to process Approach 1 and 2 solution (Relative solution approach) while GNSS-lab tool (gLAB) was used to process Approach 3 (Stand-alone solution approach). The residual (differences) in the horizontal and vertical component were computed for all observations. Out of the three solutions, Approach 3 gave solutions that were closest to the points of reference, followed by Approach 1 and then Approach 2. Poor performance of Approach 2 was attributed to some restraining factors that considerably induced errors within its solutions. Improvement on the study will be on how to develop a standard approach for harmonizing GNSS solutions in the near future.
3D Rendering of Geo-Spatial Data in XML/GML Using Python
(2012-06) Salisu, Aliyu
Geographic information (also called geo-information, spatial information or geospatial information) plays an increasingly important role in our society. Location-based services, applications for urban planning, disaster management systems rely on up-to-date geospatial data. Geo-spatial data as a major component of every Geographic Information System has been facing many challenges in its use including: portability, maintainability, interoperability, accessibility and unavailability of digital dataset. This work proposes a framework for the 3D rendering of Geo-spatial data in XML/GML which are MarkUp Languages that encodes Geo-spatial information in the Web. With our framework, we were able to extract Geo-spatial information from the satellite imagery of an area covered by the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, then store this information in a spatially enabled database interfaced with our Python engine which now renders this geo-spatial information in GML. The basic idea is to render this geographic information in a unique environment (the Web) that will make this data portable, accessible, maintainable and interoperable. The approach reveals interesting results as it was discovered that the framework with a little extension can be adopted to serve geographic data in other XML-base technologies capable of holding geographic information like City GML, X3D and KML.
A COGNITIVE SEMANTIC STUDY OF METAPHORS IN FULFULDE
(2023-07) ABDULLAHI, HADIYAH
This studyis on cognitive semantic analysis of the metaphors in Fulfulde. Fulfulde language belongs to the West Atlantic geographical grouping within the Niger Congo family and the language has six dialectal areas. The objectives of this research are to examine how Fulfulde conceptualises metaphor, the relationship between the components of metaphor, and the deliberateness of the metaphor as propounded by Steen‟s (2017) Deliberate Metaphor Theory. The theoretical framework chosen for this study is Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT). The data were collected through surreptitious recording and stratified random selection of different registers such as anger, marriage, politics, religion, and reality. The data comprises of corpus design and recordings. Upon the analysis, the findings obtained corresponded with the research questions by answering how Fulfulde knowledge representation through conceptualization does not follow the pattern of target (abstract) and source (concrete) domains. The study reveals that Fulfulde conceptualisation of metaphor can be potentially deliberate or non-Deliberate in knowledge representation by choices of lexical items. The study concludes thatFulƃe metaphorical expressions through experiences can constrain the representation of metaphors and these metaphors are sometimes culture specific
A FUNCTIONALIST ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSIONS AND EXPRESSIVENESS OF HAUSA ORATURE IN DAMAGARAM
(2023-09) BOUNOU, OUSMANE
This study attempts a functionalist analysis of expressions and expressiveness of Hausa orature of Damagaram and demonstrates the social function each of the types fulfills. The study examines the functions and expressiveness of this tradition of Hausa orature in the region. It is important also to specify certain socio-cultural practices as a result of foreign contacts and attitudes of dispossession or distortion of the cultural values in Damagaram. The stifling of some features of ancestral values was accelerated through the education system at every level, leading to abandoning of the professional initiations and certain family occupations. This study was carried out of a very critical time for orature in Niger Republic, particularly in Damagaram because of a wave of deaths of some eminent artists of this area some of whom included Yerima Malam, Ma‘azu Ɗan Alalo and Zabiya Hurera. Methodologically, for the primary source of data, four teachers were selected as research assistants for data gathering, identifying the most famous artists in Damagaram, their places of origin, their target audience and collecting some items of their performances. Later, the researcher conducted the validation of the corpus by attending to the artists and areas in different zones. The findings of the study revealed how the Hausa orature in Damagaram area from the point of view of expressions and expressiveness is relevant in the spectrum of orature in the social function it was supposed to perform. The form and the modes of expression are the same; but because of the diversity of the environment, the genius of expressiveness remains the base of authenticity. Also, it was found that Ma‘azu Ɗan Alalo had different tunes and manners from Ɗanƙwairo not because the first was in Niger Republic and the second in Nigeria, but the fate of contexts played on the personality of each of the two and makes the first what he was, and not an adapter of the second. This is also valid between Ɗan Alalo and Zabiya Furera or Yerima Malam for the same arguments on the myth of human personality. The study concludes that each orature material – proverb, folktale, song, lullaby, sarcasm of women, epithet, innuendo, riddle, counting rhyme – carries specific message and function. Also, each performer uses his/her technique or manner – which is called expressiveness - to express oneself or pass on a message. And the more expressive a literary message is, the more likely it is to accomplish the social function to which it is destined
A STUDY ON THE NIGERIAN NAIRA PER US-DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE USING ARFIMA-GARCH AND ARFIMA-FIGARCH MODELS
(2023-04) AHMAD, MAIMUNA ALIYU
Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) model is widely used in the study of long memory processes but it is not suitable for series exhibiting high periods of volatility. Exchange rate series are characterized by periods of stability followed by periods of instability in volatility which can be modeled by Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) model. A parsimonious generalization of the ARCH model is Generalized ARCH (GARCH), but still, neither ARCH nor GARCH can handle the presence of long memory in volatility. This research investigated the presence of long memory both in mean and volatility of the Nigerian Naira per US-Dollar exchange rate series using the hybrid models of ARFIMA, GARCH and Fractionally Integrated GARCH (FIGARCH) origins. Long memory tests were carried out on fractionally differenced and volatility series. The result of GPH estimator indicated the existence of significant Long Memory in the exchange rate data. Classical ARFIMA model was fitted to the data but the results showed the presence of serial autocorrelation and ARCH effects, signifying the limitations of fitting the ARFIMA model. Hybrid ARFIMA models with conditional variance following GARCH and FIGARCH processes were then respectively fitted to the exchange rate series with much improvement in model fitting. Autocorrelation of residuals and ARCH effects were insignificant showing the adequacy of the fitted hybrid models. At the end of the research, the forecasting performance measures of the fitted ARFIMA-GARCH and ARFIMA-FIGARCH models were determined in terms of RMSE. ARFIMA-GARCH demonstrated a better performance.
A. B.U. SCHOOL OF FISHERIES, BAKURA
(1986-06) JOSEPH, RUTH
ABDULLAHI B. FODIO AS A MUSLIM JURIST
(1977-05) Abubakar, Aliu Gwandu
This work is a critical and objective study of Abdullahi as a Muslim jurist. Chapter one deals with the background to 'Abdullahi's society and gives a brief account of the political, social, economic and religious conditions of the peoples of the Hausa States in the 18th century. Chapter two gives a brief account of 'Abdullahi's life. It covers his education and preaching, and the part which he played in the Sokoto Jihad. It concludes with a brief sketch of his character. In chapter three we have tried to trace the personalities that most influenced 'Abdullahi's thinking. It is hoped that a knowledge of these personalities would help to account for 'Abdullahi's views. Chapter four deals with 'Abdullahi's ideas on constitutional theory and government, and in particular his conception of the Caliphate and various departments of its administration. Chapter five deals with 'Abdullahi's ideas on Islamic society and the vital role which he ascribed to religious revival in the process of social reform. It deals with his ideas on the significance of rituals and the relationships between the various sections of Islamic society, and his attitude towards non-conformists like rebelsand zindiqs. It deals with 'Abdullahi's ideas on the institution of marriage, the upbringing of children, and the lawful and unlawful means of the acquisition of wealth. In chapter six we have attempted to make a critical assessment of 'Abdullahi as a mujtahid or an independent Muslim jurist.We dealt first with the principles which guided him in formulating his opinions. While stressing his independent juristic approach, we placed him as a mujtahid within the Malikl School of Law. We also showed how his choice of sources extended to the three orthodox schools of law.
ABSORPTION OF METAL IONS BY NATIVE AND MODIFIED NIGERIAN WOOL
(1979-02) NDUJI, ALEXANDER AGODI
Wool and h a i r c o n s t i t u t e a major component of e f f l u e n t materials in the tanning industry. Since they are insoluble in aqueous medium where most of the tanning processes are undertaken, it becomes necessary to i n v e s t i g a t e other sources that will convert their i n s o l u b i l i t y into a useful process and cut down the cost of production Conditioned native and modified Yankasa wool f i b r e s were treated with metal ions and the uptake was measured. The e f f e ct of metal ion uptake on the mechanical properties of the wool was a l s o determined. Yankasa wool f i b r e s impregnated with m e t a l ions were subjected to infrared spectroscopic s t u d i e s . These s t u d i e s showed that interaction between the reactive groups in wool (hydroxyl, amino,phenolic and carboxyl groups etc) and the electron d i f i c i e n t metal ions r e s u lt in complex formation. As a r e s u l t , Yankasa wool f i b r e s which h i t h e r t o are drained i n t o effluent tanks and l a t e r c o l l e c t e d and burnt, can now serve as scavengers for r e t r i v i n g expensive and toxic metal ions from i n d u s t r i a l water. Furthermore, the treatment has been found to improve the t e n s i l e strength, f l e x i b i l i t y and modulus.
THE ABSORPTION OF NAPHTHOL DERIVATIVES BY CELLULOSIC FIBRES.
(1968-07) Atanu, Emmanuel Yahaya
The azoic dyes are obtained by coupling between, a naphthalene derivative end a diazotized amine The naphthalene derivative is referred to variously as a coupling component, arylamide or by its commercial name e.g. Breathol, Naphthol, etc. It is first adsorbed onto the textile material and the desired colour developed by immersing the fibre or fabric in a solution of the appropriate diazotized amine. The depth of the shade depends mainly on the amount of coupling component adsorbed on the fibre, prior to colour development. The scope of the present work was to study the uptake of these compounds by cellulosic fibres under various conditions e.g. different alkali, salt and naphthol concentrations; temperature; and the effect of modifying the cellulose structure on absorption. It was also thought that a possible mechanism for the combination of naphthol with cellulose could be worked out and an attempt made to see if the general laws of sorption of solids from solution could be applied to the cellulose naphthol system. As an introduction to the thesis an account is first given of the structure of cellulosic fibres, describing in outline the early theories of fine structure and the concept of crystallinity and accessibility and their relation to the absorption of dyes and other molecules by cellulosio fibres. An account is also given of the principal results of previous studies on the absorption of arylamides and direct dyes by cellulose. The abaorption of free alkali (the solvent for the Naphthols) was first studied, followed by napthol absorption under various conditions by the different cellulose samples. The sain results of the present investigations indicate that: 1) the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose chain are mainly responsible for naphthol absorption as shown by the reduction in absorption when these are oonverted to carbosyl groups. 2) primary hydroxyl groups account for higher equilibrium absorption than secondary ones. 3l oxidation of the hydroxyl groups reduces absorption. 4) opening up the cellulose structure by mereerization increases considerably the absorptive capacity of cellulose. The absorption of two naphthols by standard cellulose at different starting concentrations was also studied and the results used to test several adsorption theories. Agreement was obtained for the treatment of Saruwalla and Kulkarni leading to the suggested mechanism that only the dye anions are adsorbed on specifio sites, while the sodium ions are diffusely adsorbed. The treatment adopting Hill's statistical approach also yielded a positive agreement. The concurrence of the theories tested lies in the fact that their formulation depends on the basic assumption of an initial monolayer absorption on which is superimposed a diffuse layer.
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE (3,3'-bis-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) carbanilide) IN SHEEP
(1974-08) YUSUF, OTARU ALIU
ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXCRETION OF IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE (3,3'-bis-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) carbanilide) IN SHEEP. (August 1974) Yusuf Otaru Aliu, D.V.M., Cornell University. Spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatographic methods for quantitative and qualitative determination of imidocarb in biologic specimens are described. Imidocarb was extracted under basic conditions from plasma, urine, milk, bile and homogenized tissue samples into organic solvents. Following extraction and concentration in 0.82 N HCl, the drug can be qualitatively identified by thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. The detection limit for estimation of pure imidocarb in aqueous solution by spectrophotometry is equivalent to a concentration of 1.0 μg/ml in plasma and other body fluids and 5.0 μg/Gm in tissues. With thin-layer chromatography, the minimum detection level is 0.21 μg. Following intravenous injection of imidocarb dipropionate (2.0 mg/kg of body weight) into sheep, the high initial plasma concentration of 10.8 μg/ml fell very rapidly to 1.9 μg/ml in 1 hour, and was less than 1 μg/ml in 4 hours post injection. When 4.5 mg/kg of body weight of imidocarb was injected intramuscularly into sheep, peak plasma concentrations of 7.9 μg/ml were attained within 4 hours. This was followed by a rapid decline within the next 2 hours to 4.6 μg/ml, and then by a very slow decline of several weeks duration. Trace amounts were still present in the plasma 4 weeks after treatment. The drug was bound to plasma proteins to the extent of 21-53%, and the apparent volume of distribution was slightly higher than the total body water. Imidocarb was widely distributed in the tissues of sheep. Concentrations in the tissues studied were considered high and detectable amounts were present 4 weeks after administration. Twenty-four hours after administration, the highest concentrations occurred in the kidneys, liver and brain. Using 14C-labelled imidocarb to study its distribution in the brain, significant radioactivity was detected in all regions with highest concentrations occurring in the pituitary gland, the pineal body and the olfactory bulb. The concentrations of radioactivity measured in plasma (0.013 μg/ml) and sheep red blood cells (0.016 μg/ml) indicated an equal partitioning between plasma and red blood cells. No metabolic or biotransformation products could be detected by the methods of assay. Approximately 11-17% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 24 hours; thereafter, the excretion rate was very low and detectable amounts were present for 4 weeks. The rate of renal clearance of imidocarb was found to be considerably below glomerular filtration rate indicative of tubular reabsorption. The relatively high concentrations of the drug found in the bile suggest that biliary excretion of imidocarb is an important route of excretion. High concentrations were also found in the milk of lactating ewes. When the milk was fed to nursing lambs, no drug could be detected in their plasma. Imidocarb did not affect oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria.
ABSTRACT EVOLUTION EQUATIONS AND THE CAUCHY AND MIXED PROBLEMS FOR SYMMETRIC HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS
(1976-11) Olagunju, David Olarewaju
ABSTRACT TRANSFORMATION OF STILL-LIFE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAINTING
(1994) LAURETA, IROABUCHI CHIGOZIRI
ABSTRACT Abstract Transformation of S t i l l - L i f e of F r u i ts and Vegetables in Painting By IROABUCHI CHIGOZIRI LAURETA (B.A. Hons Fine Arts, A.B.U) Abstract transformation of s t i l l - l i f e of f r u i t s and vegetables in painting is a studio research in painting which dealt with the use of some selected f r u i t s and vegetables commonly found in our markets in Zaria to develop and create a b s t r a c t painting. The research was considered an experimental painting study of n a t u r a l f r u i t s and vegetables for the purpose of evolving a unique and personal mode of expression. The aims of t h is study were to elevate s t i l l - l i f e painting to a s t a t e of a b s t r a c t i o n with the hope that t h i s will extend the ways of expression in s t i l l - l i f e painting in contemporary Nigeria painting. The data collected for t h i s study were selected f r u i ts and vegetables from the markets in Zariaf study paintings and sketches based on personal observation and d i r e c t visual study of the objects under study. - vii - The method of study started by the simple study of representational still-life of selected fruits and vegetables to a systematic, complex and conceptual studies that were expressively individual. This was followed by making some preliminary studies in semi-abstraction. These were later carried out freely and spontaneously into pure abstraction. The experimental paintings represented in this study were done with conventional media. These include: the artist oil colour, pencil and water colour wash. The works were exhibited at the end of the research, they formed the basis of findings of the study and are represented in the project report as plates and figures. Among the findings of the study were: 1) The ability to create interesting compositions from still-life study. 2) The ability to create a mode of painting that is expressively individual. 3) The need for documentation of artistic development in Nigeria. 4) The research has educationally elevated the study of still-life to a point of abstraction where ordinary objects have been embacked with different interpretation and meaning.
ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COMPLEX: TOWARDS EFFECTIVE PLANNING FOR COMFORT.
(1997-10) ABUBAKAR, SULEIMAN
The wind of change is blowing accross the globe in all spheres of human disciplines. This change is towards increasing demand for comfort. Hence, the University library which is the heart of the process of education must not bo loft out in this increasing conciousness for comfort. This thesis is therefore, centered principally, around the comfort needs of readers within the prevailing climatic conditions of the site. The first chapter proposes and defines the problem. This chapter also unfolds the research instrument used. Chapter two looks at historical developments of library architecture and operational requirements of the library. The third chapter examines some existing libraries with particular emphasis on comfort levels. Chapter four, which is the research chapter, analysis comfort parameters with a view to ascertaining basic problem and solutions. The result of this study is to guide the author towards making a successful design proposal. Chapter five examined the project site critically to know the prevailing conditions. Chapter six which is the design proposal, reports the application of the principles studied in previous chapters. Chapter seven concludes the research with recommendations. What is hoped is that, the research work would be useful to students, scholars and the society at large
ABUJA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HOTEL (An Expression of Architectural Symbolism)
(1992-11) ONONGHA, JONES ERIM
ABUJA INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR COMPLEX AN APPRAISAL OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN TRADE FAIR CENTRES IN NIGERIA
(1992-11) OLUKUNLE, RUFUS OLUKUNLE
ABSTRACT The Trade Fair Complex Abuja like most events of its kind was concieved as a means of providing forum for businessmen and exchange of ideas, open market for new products, attract foreign and local investment, expose new inventions and educate the public at large. Thus the trade fair centres in Nigeria have problems in terms of its physical infrastructures Such as Space demand, electricity drainage and sewage, pedestrian walkway (pavement), vehicular movement e.t.c. The study will examine these problems in detail with particular attention to Abuja and suggest solutions and recommendations. Moreso, the goal of the thesis is to provide a be fitting exhibition centre for fair that will go well with its activities by providing properly planned facilities that will reflect the exhibits climatic condition and its socio-cultural status as a festival. Since the period of main usuage is about a week, the centre will be adoptable to other uses, so that it dosen't become a ghost town when no exhibition is taking place.

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