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- ItemTHE EFFECT OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) MEAL AS A FEED INGREDIENT IN THE DIETS OF BROILER CHICKENS(2015-05) OGAH, CHRISTOPHER ADAKOLEFour experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of Garlic supplementation in broiler chickens. In the first experiments 0-4 weeks, a total of 270 day old broiler chicks were used for the experiment which had six treatments and three replicates, each replicate was allotted 15 birds in a completely randomized design. Six broiler starter diets were formulated such that (Diet 1) contains 0.01% of an antibiotic, Neocloxsin. For Diets 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, Garlic meal was included at 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00% in the Diets respectively. In the 2nd Experiment 5-9 weeks, 180 birds from experiment 1 were used. The experiment had six Diets and three replicates each; each replicate was allotted 12 birds in a completely randomized design. Six broiler finisher Diets were formulated, they contained the same level of antibiotics and Garlic meal as in experiment 1. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference in the finial body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio, feed cost per kg gain and mortality across dietary treatments. At the end of the starter and finisher phase of the experiment, 1.5% dietary level of garlic meal supplementation had a better feed conversion ratio and better live weight while the least was obtained on birds fed 3.0 % garlic inclusion
- ItemTHE EFFECT OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) MEAL AS A FEED INGREDIENT IN THE DIETS OF BROILER CHICKENS(2015-05) OGAH, CHRISTOPHER ADAKOLEFour experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of Garlic supplementation in broiler chickens. In the first experiments 0-4 weeks, a total of 270 day old broiler chicks were used for the experiment which had six treatments and three replicates, each replicate was allotted 15 birds in a completely randomized design. Six broiler starter diets were formulated such that (Diet 1) contains 0.01% of an antibiotic, Neocloxsin. For Diets 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, Garlic meal was included at 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00% in the Diets respectively. In the 2nd Experiment 5-9 weeks, 180 birds from experiment 1 were used. The experiment had six Diets and three replicates each; each replicate was allotted 12 birds in a completely randomized design. Six broiler finisher Diets were formulated, they contained the same level of antibiotics and Garlic meal as in experiment 1. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference in the finial body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio, feed cost per kg gain and mortality across dietary treatments. At the end of the starter and finisher phase of the experiment, 1.5% dietary level of garlic meal supplementation had a better feed conversion ratio and better live weight while the least was obtained on birds fed 3.0 % garlic inclusion. In the third experiment, the best graded level (1.5 %) of garlic meal from experiment 1 and 2 were compared with different antibiotics (N.C.O, Embazine, Vitacox and two natural ingredients, Garlic meal and Moringa leaves). The Experimental diets consists of Diets 1, No Antibiotic, No Garlic meal and Moringa leaves, Diets 2-6 contained N.C.O (0.10 %), Embazin (0.10 %), Vitacox (0.10 %), Garlic (1.5%) and Moringa (1.5%) respectively. A total of 270 day old broilers chicks were used for the experiment which had six treatments and three replicates, each replicate was allotted 15 birds in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted 0-4 weeks. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference in finial bodyweight gain and feed intake. Birds fed Garlic meal and Moringa leaves supplementation had the highest live weight of 810.6g and 799.07g which was statistically similar to birds on control, N.C.O and Embazine but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than birds on Vitacox. The least finial weight was observed for birds fed diets containing Vitacox (588.49g). In the 4th experiment, 180 birds from experiment 3 were used. The experiment had six Diets and three replicates each; each replicate was allotted 12 birds in a completely randomized design. Six broiler diets were formulated; they contained the same level of antibiotic, garlic meal and Moringa as in experiment 3. The experiment lasted 5-9 weeks. The results in experiment 4, there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in feed intake, weight gain, feed to gain ratio and finial body weight across Diets, better body weight over control and other dietary treatment were obtained in birds receiving diet supplemented with garlic meal and Moringa leaves (treatment 5 and 6) No significant difference were observed in carcass percentage and internal organs between birds fed experimental diets. From these results 1.5% garlic and 1.5% Moringa inclusion level both in starter diets and finisher diets supported optimal performance and compared favorable well with conventional antibiotics.
- ItemRESPONSE OF GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) TO LEVELS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND IRRIGATION INTERVAL(1999-05) MIKO, SANIField experiments to study the response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) crop to varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and irrigation interval were conducted during the 1994/95, 1995/96 and 1996/97 dry seasons (November to March) at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Irrigation farm, Samaru, Zaria (11° 11'N;07° 38'E 686m above sea level). The treatments consisted of four nitrogen levels (0, 75, 150 and 225KgN/ha), three levels of phosphorus (0,75, and 150KgP205/ha) and three irrigation intervals (5,10 and 15 days between irrigations). The experiments were conducted in a split-plot design with nitrogen levels and irrigation intervals forming the main treatments while the phosphorus levels were assigned to the sub-plots. The treatments were replicated three times in each season. Results obtained indicated that the application of 75KgN/ha produced significant increases in all growth and yield characters compared with control and higher rate of applied nitrogen had no further influence on these characters. Plots that received no nitrogen, however, produced significantly shorter plants, lower leaf number/plant, dry matter/plant and all yield components compared with the application of 75KgN/ha. Bulb yield and bulb phosphorus content were observed to increase significantly with increase in applied N only up to 75KgN/ha. The bulb crude protein content, however, was found to progressively and significantly increase with increasing rate of nitrogen up to 225KgN/ha. Increasing the level of phosphorus from 0 to 75KgP205/ha significantly increased plant height, dry matter/plant, number of leaves/plant, CGR and RGR in all the 3 experiments. Similarly, all other yield components responded significantly to applied phosphorus only upto 75KgP205/ha. Further, increase in applied phosphorus beyond 75KgP205/ha did not produce any appreciable increase. Similar trend was recorded on cured bulb yield/ha. The bulb phosphorus and protein contents also registered significant response to applied phosphorus only upto 75kgN/ha. Growth and yield characters as well as bulb yield, bulb phosphorus and crude protein contents were significantly decreased with increase in the number of days between irrigations but only upto 10-day irrigation interval, while further delay in irrigation to 15days between irrigations did not affect these characters appreciably. Generally, the 5-day irrigation interval significantly out yielded 10 and 15-day interval on all parameters assessed. Correlation analysis showed positive and significant associations between bulb yield and all characters assessed in all seasons, except in 1995/96 where insignificant associations were registered between bulb yield and average number of leaves/plant; a negative non-significant correlations between bulb yield and average clove weight. Dry matter/plant and average bulb weight had the highest direct individual contributions to bulb yield, while combinations of plant height and drymatter/plant (1995/96 trial) as well as bulb weight and bulb size (1994/96) were the highest contributors to bulb yield. Polynomial response of bulb yield to nitrogen, phosphorus and irrigation interval indicated quadrati