EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE, PHENYTOIN AND THEIR COMBINATION ON NEUROBEHAVIOURAL, COGNITIVE HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN ALBINO RATS
EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE, PHENYTOIN AND THEIR COMBINATION ON NEUROBEHAVIOURAL, COGNITIVE HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN ALBINO RATS
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Date
2012-09
Authors
ALIYU, Hadiza
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the neurobehavioural patterns, cognitive functions
and haemato-biochemical changes following the administration of carbamazepine (CBZ),
phenytoin (PHE) and their combination. Forty, apparently healthy adult male Albino rats
weighing between 144 and 300 g were divided into four groups of 10 animals each and
used for the experiment. Group I (control) were administered distilled water per os at the
dose rate of 10 mls/kg and they served as untreated control. CBZ at 20 mg/kg, PHE at
100 mg/kg and a combination of CBZ and PHE at 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were
administered per os to groups II, III and IV respectively. The regimens were given once
daily for a period of eight weeks and the rats were monitored for neurobehavioural
changes and cognitive functions using the method as described by Zhu et al., 2001. Blood
and serum samples were collected for evaluation of full blood count, total protein,
albumin, globulin, urea and some electrolytes. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate
aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were also
determined. Results show that the administration of CBZ, PHE and their combination
induced cognitive impairments. Combination of the drugs caused significant (P < 0.05)
memory impairment. Locomotion of the rats administered CBZ decreased significantly at
weeks 5, 7 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.05) when compared to week 1 of therapy, but
increased at weeks 6 and 8 compared with week 1. The group administered CBZ+PHE
had decreased locomotion at weeks 2, 5 (P < 0.05) and 8 (P < 0.01) when compared with
week 1 and increased at weeks 4, 7 (P < 0.05) compared with week 1 also, at week 4 (P <
0.01) compared with week 3. Rearing activity reduced in the CBZ-treated group at weeks
4, 7 (P < 0.05) and week 5 (P < 0.01) compared to week 1. A significant (P < 0.05)
increase was observed at week 5 and a decrease (P < 0.05) at week 7 when the two weeks
were compared to week 1 with the administration of the drug combination. There was no
significant (P < 0.05) change in the value of the PCV and Hb but the RBC and platelets
decreased in all the drug-treated groups. Leucocytosis, lymhpocytosis and neutrophilia
were recorded in all the rats treated with either or combination of CBZ and PHE.
Increased Na+ and decreased K+ were observed in the drug-treated groups, whereas Clremained
unaltered. Generally, there were increases in serum proteins, albumin and urea
as globulin decreased. There was a significant increase in ALT activities in the CBZ and
CBZ+PHE groups and an increase in AST activity in the PHE group. In conclusion, the
administration of CBZ, PHE and their combination affect cognitive, neurobehaviour,
serum biochemical and haematologic parameters. It is recommended that serum
biochemical and haematological parameters must be observed and evaluated for all
individuals undergoing therapy with CBZ, PHE or their combination as their effects are
deleterious with use of over 8 weeks
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY
PHARMACOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
SEPTEMBER, 2012
Keywords
ADMINISTRATION,, CARBAMAZEPINE,, PHENYTOIN,, COMBINATION,, NEUROBEHAVIOURAL,,, COGNITIVE,, HAEMATOLOGICAL, SERUM BIOCHEMICAL,, CHANGES IN ALBINO