EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL, SERUM BIOCHEMICAL AND TISSUE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF WISTAR RATS
EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL, SERUM BIOCHEMICAL AND TISSUE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF WISTAR RATS
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Date
2010-11
Authors
NUM, Sabina Mbafan
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Abstract
The stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus was collected from Samaru, Zaria in December, 2008. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of this plant were obtained through cold maceration. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides, steroidal glycosides, anthraquinones, unsaturated steroids and triterpenes. Alkaloids were present in the ethanolic extract but, absent in the aqueous extract perhaps due to heat processing. Oral administration with dosages of 1000 mg/kg.bd.wt, 500 mg/kg.bd.wt, 350 mg/kg.bd.wt and 175 mg/kg bd.wt for fourteen days showed clinical signs such as inappetance, dullness, roughened hair coat and huddling together with the use of both extracts with no mortality. The percentage weight gains in all dose regimens were increased when compared to control. Haematology results of both extract revealed a significant increase (P < 0.01) in packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume that was not dose dependent, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with the use of the aqueous extract. Aqueous Extract had no marked effect on white blood cells although the ethanolic extract showed a marked increase (P < 0.05) in neutrophils at 175 mg/kg.bd.wt, there was a significant decrease in neutrophils at 500 mg/kg.bd.wt (P < 0.05). Platelet counts were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in both plant extracts. In vitro erythrocyte osmotic fragility test revealed decreased haemolysis at 0.5 % NaCl thus revealing a protective effect on the red blood cell membrane. The serum enzymes such as Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not significantly affected by both extracts. However, the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with the aqueous extract. The blood glucose
level decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with the use of both plant extracts and there was a dose dependent increase in the sodium and chloride levels with the use of the aqueous extracts. Other serum parameters such as potassium, bicarbonates, urea and total proteins were not markedly affected. Mild congestion and slight enlargement were observed grossly while mild congestion was observed histopathologicallyin some organs. It was concluded that the plant has a stimulating effect on erythropoeisis and a beneficial effect as an antithrombotic agent. It has also been shown that the plant has a protective effect on the red blood cell membranes as it decreases in vitro erythrocyte osmotic fragility. The plant has a hypoglycaemic effect and may therefore be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It is recommended that the hypoglycaemic nature of this plant should be further explored and the active components of the plant should be identified and isolated using more sophisticated methods
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECT OF EXTRACTS,, ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS ON HAEMATOLOGICAL,, SERUM BIOCHEMICAL,, TISSUE PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES,, WISTAR RATS.