ISOLAT-ION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) FROM YOGHURT AND TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED MILK (NONO) IN ZARIA AND KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
ISOLAT-ION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) FROM YOGHURT AND TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED MILK (NONO) IN ZARIA AND KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
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Date
2015-07
Authors
USMAN, Rehimat Zia
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Abstract
Contamination of food products such as milk by Staphylococci, have been known to
occur post pasteurization. Poor sanitary practices have also contributed to gross
contamination. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in efforts to treat diseases has led to the
emergence of resistant strains known as MRSA. This study was to determine the
presence of Staphylococcus including the methicillin resistant strains in yoghurt and
nono. Bacteriological and molecular techniques were carried out to determine the
occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance was determined by detection of the
mecA gene by PCR, betalactamase and altered penicillin -binding protein (Pbp2a).Out
of 560 samples of yoghurt (280) and nono(280) collected from Kaduna and Zaria, the
overall prevalence of Staphylococcal species were 75(13.39%) . Out of this 52(69.3%)
were presumptively identified as methicillin resistant using the Oxacillin resistant
staphylococcal basal medium (ORSAB) while 73(97.3%) were methicillin resistant by
the Kirby-Baeur disk diffusion method. The 75 staphylococcal isolates were further
subjected to Microbact 12S identification system and 17(3.04%) were confirmed as
Staphylococcus aureus.Out of this 12(70.59%) were presumptively identified as MRSA
using ORSAB while 17(100%) were identified as MRSA using the Kirby-Baeur disk
diffusion. The overall prevalence of MRSA was (3.04%). The occurrence of
Staphylococcus was higher in Zaria 41(14.64%) than in Kaduna (12.14%) while
prevalence of MRSA was (3.21%) and (2.86%) in Kaduna and Zaria respectively. There
was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of these organisms and
the locations (P˃0.05).The presence of the organisms was higher in nono 43(15.36%),
and 12(4.29%) than in yoghurt 32(11.43%) and 5(1.79%) for Staphyloccocci and
MRSA respectively but was not statistically significant (P˃0.05).All the isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic but none resistant to all. The isolates of
staphylococci and MRSA showed over 90% resistance to beta lactams such as
penicillin, methicillin and oxacillin. The least resistance was to amikacin 34 (45.3%)
and cefixime 7(41.2%) by staphylococcal species and MRSA respectively indicating
that amikacin and cefixime are the drugs of choice. Resistance by the isolates was by a
mec A independent mechanism. Eleven (64.7%) out of the 17 MRSA were positive for
the penicillin – binding protein out of which 4(36.4%) were from yoghurt and
7(63.64%) from nono while 13(76.5%) were positive for betalactamase production out
of which 4(30.77%) were from yoghurt and 9 (69.23%) from nono. The findings of this
study, suggest that yoghurt and nono maybe vehicles for transmission of MRSA. Food
safety should be advocated by relevant agencies and hygiene should be encouraged and
enforced among the producers and sellers.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF A DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC
HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ISOLAT-ION,, METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA),, YOGHURT,, TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED MILK (NONO),, ZARIA,, KADUNA METROPOLIS,, NIGERIA