MOLECULAR STUDIES OF RABIES IN TRADE DOGS AND DETECTION OF SOME RNA VIRUSES IN BATS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorKIA, GRACE SABO NOK
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-15T08:36:09Z
dc.date.available2014-08-15T08:36:09Z
dc.date.issued2014-03
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA MARCH 2014en_US
dc.description.abstractRabies, the cause of an almost invariably fatal encephalomyelitis, remains a public health threat in Nigeria where the dog is the main reservoir. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses are most commonly implicated in emerging and reemerging diseases. Bats are established natural reservoir hosts for many emerging viral zoonoses of enormous human and animal health impacts. Bat and dog meats are consumed by some ethnic groups in Nigeria.This study determinedthe characteristics of rabies virus in slaughtered dogs, detected some RNA viruses in bats and serologically detected some lyssaviruses in bats from Plateau State. Brain tissues were obtained from 532 slaughtered dogs and the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) was used to screen for rabies antigen. TheDFATpositive brain tissues were subjected to the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Bats (356) consisting of Eidolon helvum(244),Epomophorusfranqueti(12),Epomophorusgambianus(5),Chaerophonpumila(33),Lavia frons (3),Nycterismacrotis(18), Rhinolophuslanderi(37), and Rhinopomamicrophylum (4) were collected from 8 locations during 2010- 2011.Bat brain samples (356) were tested for Lyssavirus antigen by DFAT. Modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to test serum samples from 76 bats for antibodies to Lagos bat (LBV), Mokola (MOKV), Duvenhage (DUVV), West Caucasian bat (WCBV), Shimoni bat (SHBV) and the classical rabies virus strain (CVS-11). Using pan-viral RT-PCR with consensus degenerate primers, rectal swabs from bats (n=95) were screened for some RNA viruses. Neighbour joining (NJ) was used to construct phylogenetic trees for sequences obtained with 1000 bootstrap values. DFAT detected rabies antigen in 92 (17.29%) dog brain tissues, of which 4(4.35%) were positive by RT-PCR. The N gene of all 4 were amplified and sequenced and all had a 99% homology to other previously documented rabies viruses identified from Nigeria. Among these 4 samples, one was further isolated and its entire genome was characterized and phylogenetic analysis showed it belongs to the Africa 2 lineage. No Lyssaviruswas detected in the 356 bat brains. Of 76 bat sera tested, 28.94% (22/76) had neutralizing antibodies to LBV, MOKV, and SHBV. Twenty one (27.6%) neutralized LBV, 6(8%) neutralized MOKV and 18(24%) neutralized Shimoni bat virus. All the positive sera originated from the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) with the exception of one Chaerophonpumila serum which neutralized both LBV and SHBV. Four samples neutralized both MOKV and LBV. No serum neutralized CVS-11, WCBV and DUVV. Among the 95 bat faecal swabs screened, eight (8.42%) were positive for Coronavirus(CoV). Seven of the identified CoVs had an average of 95% homology to the Ghana bat CoV and one had 97% identity to the Kenya bat CoV (BtKy56). All eight sequences clustered with the BetaCoV group of the SARS-CoV. One bat faecal sample was positive for Paramyxovirus with 70% homology to the J-virus from Kenya and one specimen was also positive for Reovirus with sequence relating closely (93%) to the mammalian Orthoreovirus. Sixteen specimens (16.84%) were positive for Rotavirus (RV) RNA of which phylogenetically, 13 sequences were related to RV A, 1 to RV B and 2 to RV C. None of the faecal swabs was positive for Arenavirus, Influenza virus, and Rhabdoviruses. The continued detection of rabies virus in trade dogs and other lyssaviruses in bats show their importance in the epidemiology of lyssaviruses in Nigeria. The detection of Coronavirus, Paramyxovirus, Reovirus and Rotavirus in feacal samples of the bats is an indication of the role that bats may play in the emergence of viral diseases.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5231
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectMOLECULAR,en_US
dc.subjectSTUDIES,en_US
dc.subjectRABIES,en_US
dc.subjectTRADE,en_US
dc.subjectDOGS,en_US
dc.subjectDETECTION,en_US
dc.subjectRNA,en_US
dc.subjectVIRUSES,en_US
dc.subjectBATS,en_US
dc.subjectPLATEAU STATE,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA.en_US
dc.titleMOLECULAR STUDIES OF RABIES IN TRADE DOGS AND DETECTION OF SOME RNA VIRUSES IN BATS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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