ISOLATION, ANATOMICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF DERMATOPHYTES FROM HORSES IN KADUNA STATE
ISOLATION, ANATOMICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF DERMATOPHYTES FROM HORSES IN KADUNA STATE
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Date
2015-06
Authors
CHINDO, MAGDALENE BANECHE
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Abstract
This study was designed to document the site of lesions on the horses associated with fungi, culture and identify the dermatophytes in four Local Government Areas in Kaduna state and to determine the antifungal susceptibility patterns on the isolated dermatophytes. Sites of lesions were recorded, skin scrapings were collected and mycological studies carried out using culture techniques (on SDA, PDA and 5% NaCl SDA media) at room temperature for one to four weeks and isolates were identified using the colour fungal Atlas. Antifungal susceptibility tests on the isolates using five commonly used antifungal agents; Ketoconazole (100mg, 0.03-62μg/ml), Fluconazole (50mg, 0.125-256μg/ml), Griseofulvin (5g, 0.0125-32μg/ml), Terbinafine (50mg, 0.03-64μg/ml) and Amphotericin B. (50mg, 0.03-64μg/ml) were also carried out using the Broth Micro dilution method. Out of 102 horses sampled, 18 (17.6%) were positive for dermatophytes. The skin lesions occurred mostly on the flanks, limbs and saddle areas on the horses. Out of 53 male horses, 12 (22.6%) samples yielded dermatophytes, while 6 (12.24) out of 49 was the case for female horses. There was no significant association between the number of dermatophytes isolated from male and female horses, (p=0.1688). From 40 samples in Zaria LGA 14 (35%) were positive for dermatophytes, 10 from Sabon gari LGA, 1(10%) positive, 1(5.6%) was positive out of 18 from Kaduna North LGA, while 2 (5.9%) of the 34 from Igabi LGA were positive. The association between isolation rate and LGA was statically significant (p > 0.05). The species of dermatophytes isolated were; T. verrucosum (4, 22.22%), T. vanbreuseghemii (2, 11.11%), T. equinum (1, 5.56%), T. soudanense (1), T. mentagrophytes (1, 5.56%), M. equinum (3, 16.67%), M. canis (2, 11.11%), M. gypseum (2, 11.11%), M. gallinae (1, 5.56%), M. fulvum (1). A total of 16 (88.89%) dermatophytes were susceptible to the antifungal agents while 2 (22.22%) ketoconazole against M. equinum and fluconazole against M. gypseum were resistant. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.03μg/ml to 64μg/ml. Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Fluconazole had the highest MIC of 64μg/ml, 24μg/ml, 19.2μg/ml, respectively against M. gypseum (4z), M. gypseum (4z) and M. equinum. On the other hand, Amphotericin B. against M. equinum, M.gypseum (2), T. verrucosum (2), and M. canis, Terbinafine against T. verrucosum and Griseofulvin against M. canis had the least MIC value of 0.03μg/ml each. This study revealed that a wide range of dermatophytes, covering all ecologic groups infect horses in the study area, all of them with the potential of being zoonotic. Preventive measures should be put in place by Veterinarians and grooms to mitigate the spread of the infectious agent.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
ISOLATION,, ANATOMICAL DISTRIBUTION,, ANTIFUNGAL,, SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN,, DERMATOPHYTES,, HORSES