APPLICATION OF HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN SOME SORGHUM CROSSES (Sorghum bicolor (L) MOENCH) FOR AGRONOMIC AND MALTING QUALITY TRAITS
APPLICATION OF HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN SOME SORGHUM CROSSES (Sorghum bicolor (L) MOENCH) FOR AGRONOMIC AND MALTING QUALITY TRAITS
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Date
2012-06
Authors
OLABIYI, BADIRU EVILLA.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
A study was carried out to examine the Application of Heterosis and Combining ability in
some Sorghum crosses for agronomic and malting quality traits. Line x tester procedure
was used to intermate three sterile and five restorer lines to generate fifteen hybrids.
Twenty seven entries consisting of fifteen hybrids, eight parents and four checks were
evaluated at two locations; Samaru and Kadawa. From the analysis of variance,
significant mean squares were observed among the entries and hybrids for all the
agronomic(heading date, plant height, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, yield per
hectare) and malting quality traits (germination capacity, malting loss, protein, starch, α
and β - amylase). Similarly, mean squares of location x entries revealed highly significant
differences (p<0.01) for all the agronomic and malting quality traits. Combining ability
analysis of variance indicated that General Combining Ability (GCA) (Line), GCA
(tester) and Specific Combining Ability SCA (line x tester) were significant for all the
agronomic and malting quality traits, indicating the importance of additive and nonadditive
gene actions in the expression of these characters. However, the estimate of
variance components showed that SCA variances were higher than the GCA variance
revealing the preponderance of non-additive genes. Some parents having significant
negative general combing ability for days to heading, malting loss and significantly
positive indication for 1000 grain weight, grain yield, alpha and Beta amylase, protein
and starch were considered as good combiners. High level of heterosis was observed for
all the malting and agronomic characters. However, the level of heterosis varied from one
location to another greatly. Across the locations, most of the hybrids showed negative to
positive heterosis. . ICSA11 XCF35.5 recorded the highest heterosis value for
germination capacity (1.69%). ICSA 731 x KSV14 (Samsorg8) showed a desirable lowest
negative and significant heterosis for heading date, lowest value for 1000 grain weight
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and yield . ICSA38 x NR71168 recorded the height heterosis value for 1000 grain weight
and α- amylase. ICSA731 x Chokwe exhibited the highest value of high parent heterosis
for malting loss, starch and protein. ICSA38 X Chokwe showed the highest high parent
heterosis for grain yield (44%) and lowest value for β - amylase. Some specific cross
combinations gave very high yields with a maximum of 3200 kg/ha. Information on
general and specific combining ability and heterosis for those traits could contribute to
more efficient breeding programme. All the pollinators proved to be effective restorers on
the A1 system of cytoplasmic male sterility. Correlations among the characters in
sorghum across locations showed that there was a positive and significant correlation
between grain yields with heading date, beta amylase, grain weight, malting loss and
starch. Consequently, simultaneous selection for any of those characters could lead to
indirect improvement of grain yield and malting quality. The hybrids from the following
crosses: ICSA38 X CHOKWE has good potential for grain yield while ICSA38 X CF35.5
and ICSA38 X NR71168 have potential for high yield and malting quality .These could
be recommended for use in the food and brewery industries.
Description
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE,
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA.
Keywords
APPLICATION,, HETEROSIS,, COMBINING,, ABILITY,, SORGHUM,, CROSSES,, (Sorghum,, bicolor,, MOENCH,, AGRONOMIC,, MALTING,, QUALITY,, TRAITS.