IMPACT OF HADEJIA VALLEY IRRIGATION (HVIP) PROJECT ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
IMPACT OF HADEJIA VALLEY IRRIGATION (HVIP) PROJECT ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2016-03
Authors
UMAR, Mohammed Bashir
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Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to analyse the impact of Hadejia Valley Irrigation
Project (HVIP) on crop productivity and poverty reduction in the study area. The specific
objectives were to: Describe the socio-economic and institutional characteristics of
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Project; Analyse the impact of the Project on
access to irrigation water between beneficiaries at head, middle and tail-ends of the
Project; Evaluate the impact of the Project on cropped area under irrigation activities of
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries; Determine the impact of the Project on the poverty
status of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries; Assess the determinants of poverty among
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries; and Identify constraints faced by the beneficiaries
and non-beneficiaries in the implementation of the project in the study area. The
theoretical framework underpinning this study was the Social Change Theory and the
Perspectives on Social Impact Assessment Out of a list of 7036 respondents, 207
beneficiaries and 146 non-beneficiaries were selected using a multi-stage random
sampling making a total of 353 as the sample size of the study. Data were obtained using
a structured questionnaire, analysed by descriptive statistics, t-and F tests and P-alpha
poverty measures (Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Index) method. The results showed that with
exception of off-farm income that ranged from a mean of N 137, 797 = 00 and N 237,
104 = 00 Naira and cost of hired labour of N 33,641 = 00 and N 55, 709 = 00 Naira all
other measured characteristics of Beneficiaries were greater than that of Nonbeneficiaries.
However, the results of t-test on access to irrigation water were significant
between head, middle and tail-end at 0.05%. The mean cropped area under irrigation
activities of beneficiaries was significantly different from that of non-beneficiaries. The
calculated F (1, 410) value (225), exceeded (F critical = 3.86), showed a highly significant
difference between beneficiaries‘ and non-beneficiaries‘ crop productivity. Equally, the
calculated F (1, 410) value (726.3) exceeded (F critical = 3.86), so there was highly
significant difference in terms of net farm income between beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries.
The mean employment opportunities between beneficiaries were
significantly different from that of non-beneficiaries. The poverty measures indicated that
17% of beneficiaries were classified to be living below the poverty line of N 12,489.00
while 36% of non-beneficiaries lived below the poverty line of N 9,961.20. The poverty
head count, depth and severity were 0.72, 0.12 and 0.088 for beneficiaries and 0.8, 0.28
and 0.23 for non-beneficiaries respectively. This meant that 72% and 80% of
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were above the poverty line respectively. But, 12%
and 28% of beneficiaries‘ and non-beneficiaries‘ expenditure were required to bring them
up to the poverty line. Similarly, the poorest accounted for 9% and 28% of the
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. Among the list of constraints that posed threats,
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries perceived environmental, physical, health, croprelated
and institutional risks as causes of the general constraints they faced.
Consequently, from the results of the t-and F-tests and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index, it
was concluded that Hadejia Valley Irrigation Project had impacted on crop productivity
and poverty reduction among its beneficiaries. It was therefore, recommended that
government should encourage productivity and access in both farm and non-farm
occupations; The project authority should have a uniform water fee collection policy;
government should intensify family planning services efforts and activities; the project
authority should address inadequate access to extension; Project beneficiaries should
form farmers‘ cooperatives; the project authority to promote cost-saving and appropriate
technologies.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL SOCIOLOGY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA, KADUNA STATE
NIGERIA
Keywords
IMPACT,, HADEJIA VALLEY IRRIGATION (HVIP) PROJECT,, CROP PRODUCTIVITY,, POVERTY REDUCTION,, JIGAWA STATE,, NIGERIA