EVALUATION OF SOME PLANT PRODUCTS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE BRUCHID Callosobruchus subinnotatus PIC. ON BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt
EVALUATION OF SOME PLANT PRODUCTS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE BRUCHID Callosobruchus subinnotatus PIC. ON BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt
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Date
2012-05
Authors
ABDULLAHI, JAMILA
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Abstract
Laboratory Evaluations of some plant Products for the Control of adult Callosobruchus
subinnotatus Pic. on Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.)) Verdc. was undertaken in
2008 and 2009. The objectives of the research were to investigate the effect of the plant products
Artemisia annua crude aqueous extract, Aloe vera gel, Gmelina arborea drupe juice and oils
from seeds of Moringa oleifera and Mangifera indica on the mortality of C. subinnotatus at three
levels of applications of 2 ml/kg, 4 ml/kg and 8 ml/kg. The treatments were compared with
Actellic 2% dust at 10 g/kg, Azadirachta indica seed oil at 2 ml/kg as standards and an untreated
control. The mode of activity of the plant products, the effect of the treatments on bambara
groundnut seed viability, weight, moisture content and progeny emergence were studied under
prevailing laboratory conditions. The design of the experiment was completely randomized
design repeated three times. Data was analyzed using statistical softwares Microsoft Excel 2003,
SPSS 13.0 and SAS 9.0. Results showed treatments with M. oleifera at all three levels of
application caused significant mortality of the bruchid from 24 hours post application and
compared favourably to the standards at 5% level of significance (Student Newman Keul’s
(SNK)) during both years of the trial. Treatments with G. arborea at application rate of 4 ml/kg
caused comparable mortality to the standards by the 24th hour in 2008 and 48 hours in 2009. The
results also showed the oil of M. oleifera had contact, repellent and some fumigant toxicity and
G. arborea had positive repellent toxicity against the bruchid. The treatment A. vera at all three
rates of application showed poor performance in causing the mortality of the bruchid up to 72
hours post application as compared to the standards and the treatments were not significantly
different from the control in 2008. The gel showed positive contact toxicity 72 hours post
treatment that compared favourably to the standards (SNK P= 0.05). Treatments with A. annua
and M. indica showed positive fumigant toxicity. However, treatments with A. annua at the rate
of 2 ml/kg did not adequately protect the seeds from weight loss and F1 progeny emergence. All
the treatments had an effect on the viability of treated seeds causing poor germination. The
edible oil M. oleifera can be used as a protectant of bambara groundnut seeds against C.
subinnotatus at application rates of 2 ml/kg, however, like many plant oils it should be used for
treatments of seeds meant for planting with caution as its physical and chemical property may
impair germination. All the plant products showed some biological activity against the bruchids,
they can therefore be used for the protection of bambara groundnuts at their effective levels
taking advantage of their modes of activity. They can also be incorporated into an effective
Integrated Pest Management Programme and future efforts should be geared towards the
isolation and standardization of their active ingredients with a view to manufacturing plant based
pesticides for use in grain storage by farmers and grain merchants.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CROP PROTECTION.
DEPARTMENT OF CROP PROTECTION, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
MAY, 2012
Keywords
EVALUATION, PLANT PRODUCTS, CONTROL, BRUCHID Callosobruchus subinnotatus PIC, BAMBARA GROUNDNUT, (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt